WEBVTT 00:00:02.000 --> 00:00:06.880 After we enjoyed yesterday's evening together, it's good to have you 00:00:07.760 --> 00:00:08.480 here again. 00:00:08.880 --> 00:00:12.800 So, the proceedings of the third day, there are two plenary sessions 00:00:13.600 --> 00:00:18.400 and one introductory session before we get down to business. 00:00:20.960 --> 00:00:27.760 Despite different logistic obstacles, we've got a parcel 00:00:27.840 --> 00:00:28.960 from Architectural Council. 00:00:31.360 --> 00:00:35.800 So please feel free to help yourselves to these publications. 00:00:35.880 --> 00:00:40.160 If you want to grab more than just a single item, don't hesitate. 00:00:40.240 --> 00:00:41.200 We have enough. 00:00:42.800 --> 00:00:48.240 Today is going to be translating 00:00:49.360 --> 00:00:53.560 the theoretical ramifications on architectural policies onto the 00:00:53.640 --> 00:00:55.640 practical implementation of the locals. 00:00:56.160 --> 00:01:00.800 And we will discuss the ways of implementing architectural policies, 00:01:00.880 --> 00:01:06.360 particularly in the context of the role and TAs of architecture. 00:01:07.560 --> 00:01:13.400 As mentioned yesterday, in order to create an architectural policy 00:01:13.480 --> 00:01:17.800 and then implement it consistently, of course we need to have an entity 00:01:18.520 --> 00:01:20.280 responsible for doing that. 00:01:22.280 --> 00:01:24.360 Right? Today we are going to talk about. 00:01:24.440 --> 00:01:24.920 The role. 00:01:26.920 --> 00:01:28.360 Three sessions as mentions. 00:01:28.760 --> 00:01:33.160 The first one is an introductory one, three contributions 00:01:35.800 --> 00:01:40.040 as issue of shaping an architecture local scale. 00:01:40.120 --> 00:01:44.920 This one is going to be chaired by Ms. Who is editor in chief of 00:01:46.120 --> 00:01:52.880 Business Architection Business Leader will be devoted to the role 00:01:52.960 --> 00:01:53.960 of city architects. 00:01:54.040 --> 00:01:55.720 I will have the pleasure of sharing this. 00:01:57.880 --> 00:02:01.400 Without further ado, I would like to invite the first speakers of today. 00:02:01.480 --> 00:02:04.760 We are going to have three presentations there. 00:02:04.920 --> 00:02:08.480 First one is Christina Borret, architect of Brussels, then 00:02:10.320 --> 00:02:13.360 Sofia, Bulgaria, representing 00:02:14.000 --> 00:02:21.760 European Council of Spatial Planners. 00:02:24.160 --> 00:02:29.760 So that's the agenda for today and we hope that we will make it in time. 00:02:35.920 --> 00:02:40.560 Brussels City Architect this presentation is entitled 00:02:40.640 --> 00:02:43.040 Soft Power in Architectural Policy. Where are you? 00:02:43.120 --> 00:02:44.240 Here you are. Okay. 00:02:46.160 --> 00:02:46.880 Good morning. 00:02:48.480 --> 00:02:53.880 Thanks to P, of course, to invite me here in Gdansk and also 00:02:53.960 --> 00:02:58.000 to organize this conference with an intensive program. 00:02:58.880 --> 00:03:02.920 So also welcome to all the die hards who managed to be here. 00:03:03.000 --> 00:03:07.480 This morning I will give you a presentation on what is 00:03:07.560 --> 00:03:09.280 the Baumeister Meter architect in Brussels. 00:03:09.360 --> 00:03:13.120 But make it a bit more general on the role of city architects in urban 00:03:13.200 --> 00:03:14.760 planning or in city planning. 00:03:16.360 --> 00:03:18.600 First, perhaps a biographical note. 00:03:19.640 --> 00:03:24.120 I've been studying in Barcelona in the 90s, 00:03:25.240 --> 00:03:31.080 in a period just before the Olympic Games, just after the Franco era, 00:03:32.080 --> 00:03:36.080 when the city was opening up, when everything was changing. 00:03:36.400 --> 00:03:37.760 So that was really great. 00:03:38.880 --> 00:03:43.560 And that was also thanks to good architects, a lot of good 00:03:43.640 --> 00:03:45.520 architects at that moment. 00:03:46.240 --> 00:03:51.000 Thanks to a mayor Maragal who was interested in architecture and urban 00:03:51.080 --> 00:03:54.480 planning, and thanks to a very good city architect, 00:03:54.560 --> 00:03:56.800 a professor of mine, Oriel Boygas. 00:03:57.520 --> 00:04:03.840 And so this interplay helped Barcelona to change its identity. 00:04:04.640 --> 00:04:05.920 That's one thing I learned. 00:04:06.160 --> 00:04:11.120 And the second thing I learned is that you can change the city by just one project. 00:04:12.080 --> 00:04:17.040 So you can have a project, but at the same time having Back in your 00:04:17.120 --> 00:04:21.120 mind, a kind of idea vision of the city as a whole. 00:04:21.680 --> 00:04:26.440 So Barcelona was like this in those years, with two times six lanes, 00:04:26.520 --> 00:04:30.200 a highway in front of the city, cutting off the city of the street of the sea. 00:04:30.680 --> 00:04:34.280 Now it's different, of course, perhaps a bit too much different 00:04:35.640 --> 00:04:36.800 on the side of the port. 00:04:36.880 --> 00:04:40.600 And then there was this project by Manuel do Solomorales for the Modela Fusta 00:04:40.680 --> 00:04:44.680 to change in fact the urban space, the public space and to put 00:04:44.760 --> 00:04:45.880 the highway underground. 00:04:46.360 --> 00:04:50.040 And that project that changed the identity of the city. 00:04:51.320 --> 00:04:54.520 From that moment on the city was back to the sea. 00:04:54.840 --> 00:04:58.760 The Mediterranean and Barcelona, they were connected. 00:04:59.640 --> 00:05:02.280 So that was the second thing I learned, that you can change 00:05:02.840 --> 00:05:05.760 the idea of an entire city just by working 00:05:05.840 --> 00:05:10.200 on strategic projects back to Belgium. 00:05:11.560 --> 00:05:15.960 So we have in Belgium a system of Baumeisters, master architects. 00:05:16.440 --> 00:05:20.240 It's an old fashioned title dating from historical times when there was 00:05:20.440 --> 00:05:24.560 in each city an architect who builds the buildings of the city, 00:05:24.640 --> 00:05:26.320 who designs the buildings of the city. 00:05:26.960 --> 00:05:31.840 It vanished and then it was reinstalled around 2000, 00:05:32.400 --> 00:05:34.960 since then in several places in Belgium. 00:05:35.680 --> 00:05:39.600 So first in the Flanders, in the region of Flanders, city of Antwerp. 00:05:40.160 --> 00:05:42.800 Then, you know, Belgium is a complicated country. 00:05:42.880 --> 00:05:44.200 So we have three regions. 00:05:44.280 --> 00:05:48.000 Flanders and then Brussels, the bilingual region, the capital region. 00:05:48.560 --> 00:05:52.320 And then also in smaller cities like Charleroi and Ghent. 00:05:52.800 --> 00:05:56.640 And we are still waiting for the Walloon government to install 00:05:56.720 --> 00:05:58.880 finally a metrarchitect. 00:06:01.520 --> 00:06:06.400 So what is the Baumeister or Metrachitect in Brussels also? 00:06:07.120 --> 00:06:08.720 So perhaps what is it not? 00:06:09.840 --> 00:06:13.760 So I'm in my case not the head of the planning administration. 00:06:14.320 --> 00:06:17.040 So I'm not in the hierarchy of the administration. 00:06:18.080 --> 00:06:21.680 I'm also not the one that is deciding on planning permits. 00:06:22.240 --> 00:06:27.520 That's the urban Brussels or the permitting department. 00:06:28.880 --> 00:06:32.160 I'm not the one dealing only with the city, with the own project of the city. 00:06:32.640 --> 00:06:37.560 So in that sense the Baumeister is not like the city architect as 00:06:37.640 --> 00:06:39.040 it exists in many cities. 00:06:39.680 --> 00:06:43.760 And some of the things we've been learning here is then fact that there is not just 00:06:43.840 --> 00:06:47.200 one type of city architect or one definition, that it's 00:06:47.280 --> 00:06:48.640 a bit different everywhere. 00:06:49.840 --> 00:06:56.320 And that's in fact also, I think, the richness of our European cities. 00:06:57.040 --> 00:06:59.560 On the other hand, I'm not just a consultant and I'm not 00:06:59.640 --> 00:07:03.680 a politician working closely with politicians, but not a politician myself. 00:07:04.720 --> 00:07:07.200 So the Baumeister is appointed by the government, 00:07:08.520 --> 00:07:10.360 but working in an independent position. 00:07:11.000 --> 00:07:14.280 So this could look like a paradox, but it's crucial. 00:07:14.520 --> 00:07:18.120 So I'm paid to be critical towards the government. 00:07:18.840 --> 00:07:21.880 Of course, you shouldn't be critical every day and so on. 00:07:21.960 --> 00:07:23.560 Then you're not enjoying your job. 00:07:24.440 --> 00:07:27.240 And also then they will try to get rid of you. 00:07:27.320 --> 00:07:29.400 So you have to find the right balance. 00:07:30.600 --> 00:07:36.480 And the only task is very general but specific at the same time. 00:07:36.560 --> 00:07:39.920 It's improving design quality of all urban projects. 00:07:43.120 --> 00:07:47.360 What is in my view, important kind of critical success factor, 00:07:47.440 --> 00:07:49.680 you could say of city architects. 00:07:50.880 --> 00:07:53.360 So the first thing is this independence. 00:07:54.160 --> 00:07:57.760 I think a certain level of independence is necessary. 00:07:58.720 --> 00:08:02.240 So if you are just the head of the administration 00:08:02.400 --> 00:08:06.000 and you have a lot of work with the administration and signing 00:08:06.080 --> 00:08:10.800 everything, you then have this kind of freedom of taking initiatives. 00:08:11.280 --> 00:08:13.080 So you have to have enough time. 00:08:13.160 --> 00:08:15.200 And also the position, the independent position, 00:08:15.840 --> 00:08:19.680 where you can take your own initiatives, where you can bring change, 00:08:19.840 --> 00:08:21.520 where you can start a dynamic. 00:08:22.080 --> 00:08:24.760 So that's why you have to be independent, of course. 00:08:24.840 --> 00:08:27.360 Also in terms of content, that's what I explained. 00:08:27.680 --> 00:08:32.200 You should comment on quality in urban design decisions. 00:08:32.280 --> 00:08:36.480 And so you have to be able to have a kind of freedom of speech. 00:08:37.520 --> 00:08:43.560 A second factor is I think it's useful to be in and out 00:08:43.640 --> 00:08:47.760 of the system, because city architects, 00:08:48.240 --> 00:08:53.400 some people think they don't understand, but there's a kind of hybrid position. 00:08:53.760 --> 00:08:54.720 Where are you now? 00:08:54.800 --> 00:08:58.040 Are you in the administration or not in the administration? 00:08:59.000 --> 00:09:02.040 Are you belonging to the government or not belonging to the government? 00:09:03.240 --> 00:09:04.760 It's not always clear. 00:09:05.320 --> 00:09:09.960 And I think that's useful because that means you can connect people, 00:09:10.360 --> 00:09:15.720 you can work on both sides, you can try to develop trust on both sides. 00:09:15.960 --> 00:09:18.520 You are kind of bridging figure. 00:09:20.360 --> 00:09:26.680 And therefore it's necessary that you are on both sides in every level. 00:09:26.760 --> 00:09:28.440 So not just towards the government. 00:09:28.520 --> 00:09:34.640 For instance, my joke is often that I'm very proud that in my cell phone I have 00:09:34.720 --> 00:09:38.480 the private number of the biggest developer in Brussels, 00:09:39.920 --> 00:09:43.800 so the CEO of the biggest development company, but also, let's say, 00:09:43.880 --> 00:09:47.040 of the most extreme left activist. 00:09:48.840 --> 00:09:53.160 And I don't agree with them all of the time, of course, 00:09:53.240 --> 00:09:56.920 and that would be because you're also somewhere mediating. 00:09:57.320 --> 00:10:02.040 But it proves that you can be respected by both sides and you have to work on that. 00:10:02.120 --> 00:10:06.680 So that's why it's important to be in a kind of position that is perhaps unclear. 00:10:07.160 --> 00:10:08.760 So there is an advantage in it. 00:10:10.600 --> 00:10:13.640 And the last thing is, but they are all in fact linked. 00:10:14.640 --> 00:10:19.440 You should be able to work in a transversal way, because today 00:10:20.880 --> 00:10:23.440 the challenges of the cities, the challenge of climate, 00:10:23.920 --> 00:10:29.760 social challenges, challenges of affordability, those are wicked problems. 00:10:30.240 --> 00:10:34.560 So you cannot solve them within one silo, within One discipline, 00:10:34.720 --> 00:10:36.880 you'll have to look for collaboration. 00:10:37.680 --> 00:10:44.080 And so, because the Baumeister in Belgium doesn't belong to nobody, to anyone, 00:10:44.160 --> 00:10:45.840 you can work with everybody. 00:10:46.480 --> 00:10:49.840 So I think it's there again, this kind of neutral position, 00:10:49.920 --> 00:10:55.280 this kind of free position enables you to look for transversal collaboration. 00:10:55.360 --> 00:10:58.240 Because today that's what we need in dealing with cities. 00:11:01.760 --> 00:11:07.760 I'm saying it, I'm of course believing in my own function, so I'm promoting it. 00:11:08.240 --> 00:11:10.640 On the other hand, I'm not the only one saying it. 00:11:10.720 --> 00:11:13.360 I think Joao made reference to it as well. 00:11:13.840 --> 00:11:18.200 So in 2020, more or less, we made a research project together 00:11:18.280 --> 00:11:21.200 with UN Habitat and University College of London, 00:11:21.920 --> 00:11:26.600 financed by the European Commission, on what we called in those 00:11:26.680 --> 00:11:28.720 times soft power mechanisms. 00:11:29.520 --> 00:11:34.680 So in the city we believe you need, of course, hard power and you 00:11:34.760 --> 00:11:35.920 need the regular stuff. 00:11:36.320 --> 00:11:40.000 You need zoning plans, you need a good building permit 00:11:40.480 --> 00:11:44.400 organization, you need all these things, but it's not enough. 00:11:46.000 --> 00:11:50.320 If you want to go for real dynamics, if you want to go for excellence, 00:11:50.400 --> 00:11:55.240 if you want for things getting moving, then you need, on top of that, 00:11:55.320 --> 00:11:56.680 other kind of mechanisms. 00:11:56.760 --> 00:11:59.840 You need informal mechanisms, not just the formal ones. 00:12:00.800 --> 00:12:06.160 So that's what we call the importance of soft power mechanisms in 00:12:06.880 --> 00:12:11.200 urban plan or in urban city governance. 00:12:12.320 --> 00:12:14.960 Might be a Baumeister, might be a city architect. 00:12:15.200 --> 00:12:18.480 In some cities it's a kind of quality chamber. 00:12:18.640 --> 00:12:25.200 In other cities it's a very dominant citizens movement. 00:12:25.440 --> 00:12:29.720 So there are several examples, but the city architect is clearly 00:12:29.960 --> 00:12:32.360 one of the most frequent examples. 00:12:34.840 --> 00:12:38.520 I'm saying we, because in Brussels it's not just me. 00:12:38.600 --> 00:12:43.560 There's a team of 15 people, very young and motivated people. 00:12:44.040 --> 00:12:48.680 The BMA in Brussels is appointed per term of five years, and everything is 00:12:48.760 --> 00:12:50.600 financed by Brussels capital region. 00:12:50.680 --> 00:12:52.440 So we are on the public side, of course. 00:12:54.680 --> 00:12:55.400 What do we do? 00:12:56.200 --> 00:13:00.400 So perhaps the most important thing that's not on the screen, that's this 00:13:00.480 --> 00:13:02.120 kind of soft power mechanism. 00:13:02.200 --> 00:13:03.720 It's often behind the screens. 00:13:03.880 --> 00:13:09.960 It's trying to influence politicians, trying to convince private developers 00:13:10.600 --> 00:13:15.120 to do better projects, trying to motivate architects 00:13:15.200 --> 00:13:18.440 who sometimes got lost in the administration and to help 00:13:18.520 --> 00:13:20.120 them in order to keep on going. 00:13:21.880 --> 00:13:23.400 So that's really informal. 00:13:23.720 --> 00:13:25.800 But then we have something like four pillars. 00:13:25.880 --> 00:13:27.400 I won't explain all of them. 00:13:27.640 --> 00:13:29.480 One of them is the label bma. 00:13:29.560 --> 00:13:34.440 It's inspired what the Flemish Baumeister has been doing for nearly 10 years now. 00:13:35.080 --> 00:13:39.960 Each year a call for new IDs that could be integrated in policy. 00:13:40.680 --> 00:13:41.880 So the other way around. 00:13:42.200 --> 00:13:47.240 Normally public authority asks architects to design a project, 00:13:47.960 --> 00:13:53.080 ask researchers to work on a research issue here it's the other way around. 00:13:53.160 --> 00:13:56.680 So we ask the people, what do you think that we should address 00:13:56.760 --> 00:13:59.400 in policy that is not yet addressed in policy? 00:14:01.880 --> 00:14:08.600 We have a system of design review for planning applications. 00:14:09.240 --> 00:14:10.920 We do some research by design. 00:14:11.640 --> 00:14:15.640 I have in my team some people who are making drawings or making images 00:14:16.440 --> 00:14:18.600 or using the tool of the architect. 00:14:19.640 --> 00:14:22.840 Not to build themselves, because that's not our role, 00:14:23.320 --> 00:14:26.360 but to feed the debate on quality. 00:14:27.080 --> 00:14:30.280 I hate it when in discussion with politicians 00:14:30.360 --> 00:14:34.520 on a new project is only with Word documents and Excel documents. 00:14:35.320 --> 00:14:39.240 I think there should also be a drawing on the table, a map showing what is 00:14:39.320 --> 00:14:44.600 density, represents an idea for the development of a site. 00:14:45.960 --> 00:14:50.120 And then the main thing of our job is organizing competitions. 00:14:50.200 --> 00:14:53.400 And that I want to give you a bit. 00:14:54.200 --> 00:14:57.640 Perhaps it's more technical now, but it's to give you one example 00:14:57.720 --> 00:14:59.480 of a more deeper insight. 00:15:01.480 --> 00:15:05.680 So what I call competitions is in fact a kind of general name for on the one 00:15:05.760 --> 00:15:10.640 side, public procurement procedures, and on the other side we also 00:15:10.720 --> 00:15:13.040 organize competitions with private developers. 00:15:13.480 --> 00:15:16.760 So the first one, of course have to comply with the legislation 00:15:16.840 --> 00:15:18.680 on public procurement. 00:15:19.400 --> 00:15:23.040 For the other type of competitions, you're rather free. 00:15:23.240 --> 00:15:28.760 But we base our model of a procedure, of a competition for private developers 00:15:28.920 --> 00:15:31.880 on the same principles as the public projects. 00:15:33.400 --> 00:15:38.640 So for both public and private clients, since 2015 we've launched 00:15:38.720 --> 00:15:40.280 something like 400 competitions. 00:15:40.840 --> 00:15:43.960 So in the good years, it's one competition a week. 00:15:44.840 --> 00:15:45.720 So that's a lot. 00:15:45.880 --> 00:15:49.400 But many of them are also very small projects. 00:15:49.560 --> 00:15:53.880 A kindergarten, something like healing in the neighborhoods. 00:15:53.960 --> 00:15:57.720 In the contradict, something like five social housing 00:15:57.880 --> 00:16:00.920 project of size, five social dwellings. 00:16:04.440 --> 00:16:07.400 In Belgium, I think we have a good competition culture. 00:16:07.960 --> 00:16:11.640 I think it's one of the reasons why today Belgian architects are also 00:16:12.200 --> 00:16:14.200 doing good work also abroad. 00:16:14.520 --> 00:16:18.880 So because our competition system is quite open, fair and gives a lot 00:16:18.960 --> 00:16:21.960 of opportunities to young architects. 00:16:22.600 --> 00:16:26.640 So in Brussels we have something like 10 points 00:16:27.920 --> 00:16:30.400 that we believe are important for good competitions. 00:16:31.440 --> 00:16:35.440 If someone who wants to organize competition with the Baumeister doesn't 00:16:35.520 --> 00:16:38.880 respect these 10 principles, we don't do it. 00:16:39.680 --> 00:16:43.400 So it's a kind of. It took some time to develop them. 00:16:43.480 --> 00:16:47.200 It took some time to have, let's say, the hard power position, 00:16:47.280 --> 00:16:49.840 where you can say, okay, then it's without us 00:16:50.560 --> 00:16:53.440 well knowing that I will come back and make a concession afterwards, 00:16:53.600 --> 00:16:56.480 because they should organize it with the Baumeister. 00:16:57.760 --> 00:16:59.040 But they are there now. 00:16:59.120 --> 00:17:02.640 They are, by the way, available on our website in three languages. 00:17:04.320 --> 00:17:07.680 Competitions in Belgium or in Brussels are always in two stages. 00:17:09.360 --> 00:17:09.760 Always. 00:17:10.480 --> 00:17:15.920 We don't think that you should ask architects in one stage to provide IDs 00:17:16.480 --> 00:17:20.880 to give away creativity for nothing without being paid. 00:17:21.760 --> 00:17:26.720 So in the first stage we select something like five or three architects or designers 00:17:26.800 --> 00:17:30.560 could be also for public space, for instance, then to go to a second stage 00:17:31.200 --> 00:17:35.360 and then we pay them in the second stage for the work that is 00:17:35.440 --> 00:17:36.800 done in the second stage. 00:17:37.360 --> 00:17:40.800 So it's not an award, it's not first prize, second price, third prize. 00:17:41.280 --> 00:17:45.640 So the first one gets the winning the commission, 00:17:45.880 --> 00:17:49.440 he will build a project, or she the second one, 00:17:49.520 --> 00:17:53.520 the third one and the other ones all get the same amount of money because it's kind 00:17:53.600 --> 00:17:55.800 of remuneration for the work that they've been doing. 00:17:57.640 --> 00:18:02.320 Some other points, we don't have any lowest 00:18:02.400 --> 00:18:03.880 price mechanisms anymore. 00:18:04.920 --> 00:18:08.480 So respect of the budget or the fee of 00:18:08.560 --> 00:18:12.080 the architect is not a criterion anymore. 00:18:13.040 --> 00:18:16.760 So the fee for the architect, that means the fee for the project later 00:18:16.840 --> 00:18:22.640 for the winning one is fixed on beforehand and we don't. 00:18:23.680 --> 00:18:30.400 So it took a lot of work to convince lawyers, juridical advisors, 00:18:31.760 --> 00:18:34.880 the inspection de finance, etc. 00:18:35.440 --> 00:18:36.760 But in the end we succeeded. 00:18:36.840 --> 00:18:41.360 I think this is important because that means that on the moment of the jury, 00:18:41.760 --> 00:18:44.000 you only look to the quality of the project. 00:18:44.720 --> 00:18:49.160 You don't have this kind of situation where all of you in the jury agree this 00:18:49.240 --> 00:18:53.440 is the best project, but he's expensive. 00:18:54.320 --> 00:18:59.240 So we can't give the commission to the best project because 00:18:59.320 --> 00:19:00.720 the architect is too expensive. 00:19:00.960 --> 00:19:05.000 It we also, yeah, I'll skip on that. 00:19:05.080 --> 00:19:10.640 On the budget we have quite low access conditions. 00:19:12.400 --> 00:19:14.000 So I. Before in. 00:19:14.080 --> 00:19:17.840 In Belgium we had this kind of thing, okay, we want to build 00:19:17.920 --> 00:19:19.040 a new swimming pool. 00:19:19.760 --> 00:19:25.400 And then if you have built five swimming pools before, you will win because you 00:19:25.480 --> 00:19:27.120 have built five swimming pools before. 00:19:28.720 --> 00:19:32.240 But no one was analyzing if these five swimming pools before 00:19:32.320 --> 00:19:33.680 were good swimming pools. 00:19:34.840 --> 00:19:39.880 Sometimes the system was in fact allowing an architect who had built five bad 00:19:39.960 --> 00:19:43.200 swimming pools to build a six bed swimming pool. 00:19:44.400 --> 00:19:49.200 Also you have to start at a certain moment, perhaps a new architect who hasn't 00:19:49.280 --> 00:19:54.320 built never before swimming pool has a very good idea to innovate the kind 00:19:54.400 --> 00:19:56.680 of way of building swimming pools. 00:19:57.400 --> 00:20:03.280 So that's why we want our first step to be quite open, so that fresh blood has 00:20:03.360 --> 00:20:07.400 a lot of chances also to participate. 00:20:08.040 --> 00:20:11.080 So we never ask a turnover that doesn't play a role. 00:20:11.960 --> 00:20:15.400 We ask maximum three references reference project. 00:20:15.960 --> 00:20:19.960 So if you have built a lot of buildings, that doesn't count. 00:20:20.920 --> 00:20:21.640 Three is enough. 00:20:23.080 --> 00:20:27.240 We only ask one that is linked to the budget of the project itself. 00:20:27.320 --> 00:20:32.960 And it's always 30 or 50% of the budget of the project on which the competition is 00:20:33.040 --> 00:20:35.880 organized, because we think you can climb up the ladder. 00:20:36.360 --> 00:20:41.960 You have to have a certain level of experience, but not necessarily 00:20:42.280 --> 00:20:44.520 exactly the same kind of experience. 00:20:46.360 --> 00:20:48.200 And we work with the metovation nodes. 00:20:49.160 --> 00:20:53.080 So that's for instance what we also did for the biggest project in Brussels, 00:20:53.160 --> 00:20:56.360 the Canal Museum, together with the Center Pompidou, 00:20:59.160 --> 00:21:01.960 I think it was 150 million euros in the beginning. 00:21:02.600 --> 00:21:05.640 And we were just looking for architects who had built something 00:21:05.720 --> 00:21:07.160 of 50 million euros. 00:21:08.280 --> 00:21:11.960 And then we tried to open up the scope. 00:21:12.520 --> 00:21:16.360 So we were not looking for architects who had already built three museums 00:21:16.440 --> 00:21:21.240 of contemporary art, which is the case, but we looked for architects who had built 00:21:21.480 --> 00:21:25.320 one public building with a lot of accessibility, 00:21:25.720 --> 00:21:28.680 with a lot of use, because that's a crucial thing, 00:21:28.760 --> 00:21:30.520 perhaps not the program of the museum. 00:21:31.960 --> 00:21:37.800 And then if you make this election, we had something like 100 00:21:37.880 --> 00:21:39.160 architects participating. 00:21:39.240 --> 00:21:43.600 Of course, you still have at the end something like 40 architects, 00:21:43.680 --> 00:21:46.280 I don't remember, that are able to do the job 00:21:47.160 --> 00:21:51.320 honestly and that also comply with all of the references needed. 00:21:51.960 --> 00:21:54.040 But then we work with the motivation note. 00:21:54.120 --> 00:21:58.200 So we ask one page or two pages, in this case of text, 00:21:59.400 --> 00:22:06.200 not making a kind of first proposal, because we won't ask for free 00:22:06.960 --> 00:22:12.960 design proposals, but the text that explains why did you participate? 00:22:13.360 --> 00:22:15.280 So what is motivating you here? 00:22:16.320 --> 00:22:19.120 And did you well understood the brief? 00:22:19.840 --> 00:22:21.040 So what is at stake? 00:22:23.280 --> 00:22:24.240 What's this site? 00:22:24.560 --> 00:22:26.880 What's the meaning of this project in Brussels? 00:22:27.520 --> 00:22:32.480 And then we received this kind of text that could have been written for Kuala 00:22:32.560 --> 00:22:36.240 Lumpur or for Dubai, that made no sense. 00:22:37.280 --> 00:22:38.400 So that helped a lot. 00:22:38.880 --> 00:22:42.400 And that reminds me of the discussion yesterday about local and international 00:22:43.040 --> 00:22:47.040 architecture that helped a lot to select the architects 00:22:47.120 --> 00:22:50.800 who were ready to make something special for this site, 00:22:51.920 --> 00:22:54.760 whether they are international or Belgian, that didn't play a role. 00:22:54.840 --> 00:22:58.400 But you had to prove that you understood what is the brief here. 00:22:58.960 --> 00:23:01.200 So what is the difficulty and what is the. 00:23:01.840 --> 00:23:03.040 The ambition of the site? 00:23:05.920 --> 00:23:11.120 We went on second stage remuneration. 00:23:12.800 --> 00:23:18.200 I will skip that because it's taking a bit too long and that perhaps the last point 00:23:18.280 --> 00:23:21.840 is we always have an oral presentation for the jury. 00:23:22.000 --> 00:23:26.080 We think it's important that there is an exchange that the architect can explain 00:23:26.160 --> 00:23:29.760 what his or her project is about, that you avoid misunderstandings. 00:23:31.000 --> 00:23:35.400 And for public space projects, we have also a citizens panel in the jury, 00:23:36.760 --> 00:23:40.120 because we think they are experts as well, especially for public space. 00:23:41.320 --> 00:23:45.160 And so that's why there are so many people here around the TABLE 00:23:46.840 --> 00:23:51.400 when the competition is finished, we publish on our websites a kind 00:23:51.480 --> 00:23:55.960 of summary of the winning project and an explanation of the jury report 00:23:56.920 --> 00:23:58.840 and also the full competition entries. 00:23:59.640 --> 00:24:03.800 So full transparency so that architects can compare 00:24:04.680 --> 00:24:07.960 and also can learn from the way that other architects have been 00:24:08.040 --> 00:24:09.000 presenting the project. 00:24:12.440 --> 00:24:16.360 So this was what I call soft power. 00:24:16.520 --> 00:24:20.600 So this kind of organization of a competition system, 00:24:20.840 --> 00:24:27.600 which perhaps sounds now quite detailed and a lot on procedures, 00:24:28.240 --> 00:24:32.520 I think that is possible thanks to this kind of soft power 00:24:32.600 --> 00:24:38.880 role of a city architect who has the freedom and the ability to move and to 00:24:40.320 --> 00:24:43.920 make a plea for better urban environments. 00:24:44.640 --> 00:24:45.920 Perhaps one last thing. 00:24:48.080 --> 00:24:49.200 So why do you do it? 00:24:50.080 --> 00:24:51.320 We want better procedures. 00:24:51.400 --> 00:24:54.400 But of course there is also another, another level. 00:24:54.480 --> 00:24:55.600 We want better cities. 00:24:56.480 --> 00:25:00.640 And so in Brussels we've been putting on the agenda several ideas productive city. 00:25:00.960 --> 00:25:05.680 The idea that you should keep some urban manufacturing in the city. 00:25:06.160 --> 00:25:08.880 Small scale industry, of course, not big scale. 00:25:10.240 --> 00:25:13.360 The city can't just be about consumption, it's also about production. 00:25:13.440 --> 00:25:16.080 It's also about employment for blue collar workers. 00:25:16.160 --> 00:25:18.320 You should keep that. Don't push it all away. 00:25:19.200 --> 00:25:20.320 Adaptive reuse. 00:25:20.800 --> 00:25:22.800 We should stop demolishing buildings. 00:25:23.280 --> 00:25:26.440 So in Brussels we are considering. 00:25:26.520 --> 00:25:28.560 So we have no government, so it's a problem. 00:25:28.960 --> 00:25:32.600 But in the new building code, the automatic mechanism will 00:25:32.680 --> 00:25:34.320 be turned the other way around. 00:25:34.560 --> 00:25:38.920 So you will have to prove that you can't do anything else 00:25:39.000 --> 00:25:40.160 than demolish the building. 00:25:40.240 --> 00:25:43.040 So keeping the building will become the rule. 00:25:43.360 --> 00:25:46.720 We are opening up to civil society, for instance, with the citizens panel. 00:25:48.080 --> 00:25:51.560 And we have of course a problem of affordability in 00:25:51.640 --> 00:25:54.080 our cities, like in many cities in Europe. 00:25:54.720 --> 00:25:57.800 So with the Baumeister, we are pushing a lot the idea 00:25:57.880 --> 00:26:01.560 of cooperative housing as a financial model and solution 00:26:01.640 --> 00:26:03.840 for affordability in the city. 00:26:04.880 --> 00:26:08.760 The nice thing, and that's the strength of a Baumeister or a city architect, 00:26:08.840 --> 00:26:11.280 I think, is that you can work on both levels. 00:26:11.440 --> 00:26:15.720 You can work on vision and IDs, but because you are at the dashboard 00:26:15.800 --> 00:26:19.160 of what's happening in the city, you can work on real impact. 00:26:19.400 --> 00:26:22.760 You can work trying to influence projects at the same time. 00:26:23.480 --> 00:26:28.360 So I think it's a crucial role in this going up between general 00:26:28.440 --> 00:26:30.840 vision and real projects. 00:26:32.120 --> 00:26:37.560 And that's really, I think it's important, but it's also very much fun in your job. 00:26:38.440 --> 00:26:39.080 Thank you. 00:26:49.760 --> 00:26:50.720 Thank you so much, Christian. 00:26:50.800 --> 00:26:53.920 It was a pleasure to hear about this wonderful experience. 00:26:54.080 --> 00:26:59.000 I have to say this book about the soft power, I have a copy of that. 00:26:59.080 --> 00:27:01.960 So I have to say it's very inspiring volume. 00:27:02.040 --> 00:27:05.040 So if anybody of you have a chance to Have a look at that. 00:27:05.120 --> 00:27:06.320 It's highly recommended. 00:27:07.320 --> 00:27:12.760 But also I have to mention that Christian was behind development of the entire 00:27:12.840 --> 00:27:16.200 exhibition, which has been on display on the Architecture Museum in Basel, 00:27:16.280 --> 00:27:20.680 maybe some other places as well, about that work. 00:27:20.760 --> 00:27:24.520 And I think it's an excellent point of departure for our entire debate about 00:27:25.640 --> 00:27:29.280 how we can shape the architectural policy at the local level and what are the roles 00:27:29.360 --> 00:27:30.440 and tasks of the city architect. 00:27:30.520 --> 00:27:32.440 So thank you very much, Christian, for that. 00:27:32.520 --> 00:27:35.960 Now, regarding these issues, we have to understand 00:27:36.120 --> 00:27:39.760 that also the issue of the heritage is super important, the local identity 00:27:40.160 --> 00:27:45.200 and the entire dimension associated with our past and understanding 00:27:45.280 --> 00:27:46.320 where we are coming from. 00:27:46.880 --> 00:27:51.120 So in that sense, let me invite Professor Elena Dimitrova, who is with us. 00:27:51.920 --> 00:27:56.120 Elena is representing the University of Architecture, 00:27:56.200 --> 00:27:59.600 Building and Geodesy, as far as I can understand, from Sophia, from. 00:27:59.680 --> 00:28:00.640 From Bulgaria. 00:28:01.200 --> 00:28:06.200 But also, and foremost, she is representing Europa Nostradamus, our. 00:28:06.680 --> 00:28:11.200 The organization which couldn't be with us at the occasion of this conference, 00:28:11.280 --> 00:28:16.040 because they have their own gathering in Malta and it's a little bit 00:28:16.120 --> 00:28:19.000 far away from here to travel smoothly. 00:28:19.400 --> 00:28:21.640 But we are very happy that we have Elena with us. 00:28:21.720 --> 00:28:23.800 So the floor is yours, please. 00:28:25.960 --> 00:28:26.360 Morning. 00:28:27.400 --> 00:28:33.280 And a heartful thank you to the organizers and to everybody who is. 00:28:35.440 --> 00:28:37.040 Who is here. Yeah, thank you. 00:28:37.120 --> 00:28:38.640 Okay. Good morning once again. 00:28:38.960 --> 00:28:44.160 I'm really happy to be here and thank you to the organizers and to everybody 00:28:44.240 --> 00:28:45.600 who is here in the room. 00:28:46.480 --> 00:28:48.720 Well, yes, first I have to pass 00:28:50.080 --> 00:28:53.600 the greetings from Europe and Austria. 00:28:53.680 --> 00:28:59.240 It is the largest organization of Europe dealing with the protection of cultural 00:28:59.320 --> 00:29:04.480 heritage, and it is focused especially on civil society 00:29:04.720 --> 00:29:11.000 and the action of civil societies in protection of cultural heritage. 00:29:11.560 --> 00:29:12.600 And one more thing. 00:29:12.680 --> 00:29:17.160 I have to say that just in a couple of hours, at 12 o' clock, 00:29:17.400 --> 00:29:22.440 there will be an announcement on behalf of European Heritage Awards 00:29:22.520 --> 00:29:24.280 and European Austria Awards. 00:29:24.600 --> 00:29:29.320 With the recent awards, with the new awards for 2025, I cannot 00:29:29.960 --> 00:29:33.160 announce them now, but just in case, couple of hours, 00:29:33.240 --> 00:29:34.920 you will be able to see them. 00:29:35.240 --> 00:29:41.320 It is a really impressive picture of European process and European 00:29:42.120 --> 00:29:46.280 heritage being a driving force to sustainable development. 00:29:48.120 --> 00:29:51.800 But I'm now here to share something with you, which is 00:29:54.040 --> 00:30:00.680 a look from another point of view how my professional path has been moving 00:30:01.840 --> 00:30:04.320 for more than 35 years 00:30:05.040 --> 00:30:10.480 at the meeting areas of different 00:30:11.360 --> 00:30:14.480 topics and different functions. 00:30:15.200 --> 00:30:19.440 I have been at the meeting point of architecture and spatial planning. 00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.400 Being a graduated architect, I was involved in creating a new program 00:30:24.480 --> 00:30:30.160 of spatial planning in Sofia to respond to the changing situation 00:30:30.400 --> 00:30:32.160 in the region and in the country. 00:30:33.120 --> 00:30:39.120 It was about the meeting area of urban research, education and methodological 00:30:39.200 --> 00:30:41.600 support to local authorities. 00:30:43.200 --> 00:30:47.320 The meeting point, for sure, between urban development and heritage 00:30:47.400 --> 00:30:53.920 preservation, often regarded as opposing areas, but actually mutually supportive. 00:30:54.840 --> 00:31:00.520 And then in this local, regional and global intercultural dialog, 00:31:00.600 --> 00:31:06.360 which is important because it gives us the chance to understand better where we 00:31:06.440 --> 00:31:11.080 are and how we are part of a bigger process. 00:31:12.120 --> 00:31:14.440 So what I am going to speak about today. 00:31:15.480 --> 00:31:19.000 Yeah, just a moment to see how this works. 00:31:20.440 --> 00:31:21.100 Yeah. 00:31:21.600 --> 00:31:25.800 Is about culture as our ability to conceptualize the surrounding 00:31:25.880 --> 00:31:28.040 world and our reason for being in it. 00:31:28.280 --> 00:31:33.560 The city as a process where transformation is not only inevitable, it is essential 00:31:34.120 --> 00:31:39.720 about heritage as a message that needs to be kept, but also continually 00:31:39.880 --> 00:31:42.120 rediscovered and reinterpreted. 00:31:42.440 --> 00:31:46.360 Policy as the art of acting to transform the real world. 00:31:47.000 --> 00:31:52.520 Responsibility as the ability to respond to the needs of people, communities. 00:31:53.400 --> 00:31:57.480 And yes, about the role of planners and architects 00:31:57.880 --> 00:32:02.040 as professionals and citizens with a specific capacity in the 00:32:02.120 --> 00:32:04.200 continuity of the urban process. 00:32:04.680 --> 00:32:08.840 I have chosen to share with you three stories from Bulgaria 00:32:10.040 --> 00:32:12.280 because this is the place which is 00:32:14.800 --> 00:32:18.640 my place and the place 00:32:19.600 --> 00:32:26.480 which I love and I know best, and actually which is 00:32:27.680 --> 00:32:32.720 a place of very dynamic changes in the recent 35 years already. 00:32:33.760 --> 00:32:40.240 Dynamic changes in the culture, of architecture, policy, 00:32:40.720 --> 00:32:43.200 of society as a whole. 00:32:43.360 --> 00:32:48.120 So probably these are lessons still to be learned there. 00:32:48.200 --> 00:32:52.440 It will be very different from what we heard already, which was 00:32:52.520 --> 00:32:54.920 absolutely amazing and inspiring. 00:32:55.080 --> 00:33:00.360 But it is another situation in another cultural context. 00:33:01.240 --> 00:33:03.960 So why case studies? Why stories? 00:33:04.600 --> 00:33:08.120 Because real life situations are integral. 00:33:08.520 --> 00:33:14.200 So we could trace there some linkages, some interactions, some impacts 00:33:14.600 --> 00:33:17.480 that are otherwise difficult to discover. 00:33:18.120 --> 00:33:21.800 And then because real life situations are open ended. 00:33:23.880 --> 00:33:29.400 Let me see what I could show you there. 00:33:29.480 --> 00:33:35.560 And I would focus on the important issue of how, 00:33:36.680 --> 00:33:43.000 when and how the cultural dimension has been appearing in the public debate. 00:33:43.320 --> 00:33:49.360 What the position of young architects and letters has been and how this 00:33:50.160 --> 00:33:54.760 influenced the development, the dynamics of forming the culture, 00:33:54.840 --> 00:33:59.920 the professional culture, and the understanding about 00:34:00.000 --> 00:34:04.400 the responsibilities of architects and planners in changing 00:34:04.480 --> 00:34:07.200 the city and respecting heritage. 00:34:07.600 --> 00:34:10.800 The first story is about Sophia. 00:34:14.360 --> 00:34:16.800 It is the capital city of Bulgaria. 00:34:16.880 --> 00:34:23.000 And you could see there on the left, the contemporary face of the city, 00:34:23.080 --> 00:34:27.200 the very crossing point of the ancient 00:34:28.280 --> 00:34:30.560 axis of the ancient Roman city, 00:34:30.640 --> 00:34:36.160 the Cardo Maximus and Decumanus Maximus. 00:34:36.440 --> 00:34:39.000 And what is sustainable is sustainable. 00:34:39.080 --> 00:34:43.760 Actually, this crossing point is nowadays, again, still in the 00:34:44.720 --> 00:34:45.920 very heart of the city. 00:34:46.000 --> 00:34:48.000 It is a living part of the city. 00:34:48.160 --> 00:34:52.800 So it has to accommodate the contemporary urban process. 00:34:52.880 --> 00:34:54.560 You could see this poses. 00:34:54.720 --> 00:34:58.640 This has posed a lot of challenges to organizing things. 00:34:58.720 --> 00:35:05.680 The archeology lays there between 6 and 16 meters below the surface. 00:35:06.560 --> 00:35:10.320 And it was, yes, it was known 00:35:10.920 --> 00:35:14.920 to be there for many years, but there was no money to go there 00:35:15.000 --> 00:35:18.360 and to review and to exhibit what was inside there. 00:35:18.680 --> 00:35:23.160 The chance came through the operational programs of the European Union, 00:35:23.240 --> 00:35:27.560 so it was possible to work on the archeology 00:35:28.360 --> 00:35:33.040 in parallel with building the infrastructure, the underground 00:35:33.120 --> 00:35:35.000 infrastructure of the metro line. 00:35:35.400 --> 00:35:39.560 You could imagine what this meant, what a cultural shock it was 00:35:40.760 --> 00:35:44.720 to the city in everyday life, but also in conceptualizing 00:35:44.840 --> 00:35:46.360 what was happening there. 00:35:47.600 --> 00:35:50.360 I'm not going along to tell you a long story. 00:35:50.520 --> 00:35:54.000 I would just mention what appeared at that moment. 00:35:54.080 --> 00:35:55.720 It was full of contradictions. 00:35:55.800 --> 00:35:59.800 It was the reason for a very heated public debate. 00:36:00.160 --> 00:36:04.600 And it was actually one of the factors that influenced the 00:36:05.080 --> 00:36:08.160 birth of civil society in the city. 00:36:08.640 --> 00:36:14.120 And it outlined the role of experts, of architects and spatial planners 00:36:16.480 --> 00:36:23.000 in this debate and their responsibilities as professionals in outlining 00:36:23.080 --> 00:36:27.440 the importance of the transformation that was going on. 00:36:27.840 --> 00:36:32.640 And here on the left is the message of a 00:36:33.840 --> 00:36:37.040 small professional organization, 00:36:37.200 --> 00:36:39.440 the so called Bob Studio. 00:36:39.920 --> 00:36:44.720 These were the young people, aged between 25 and 29, 00:36:45.120 --> 00:36:50.840 who raised the issue of what is going below the ground and how it is linked 00:36:50.920 --> 00:36:52.560 to what is going over the ground. 00:36:53.280 --> 00:36:55.240 And probably that was. 00:36:55.320 --> 00:36:59.440 Yes, they were architects and spatial planners working together. 00:37:00.080 --> 00:37:05.280 And they spoke in their website, they spoke as citizens of this country. 00:37:05.640 --> 00:37:10.520 And that was an important message passed to everybody in the country, 00:37:10.600 --> 00:37:13.440 to the professional community, to administration, 00:37:14.080 --> 00:37:18.280 to the citizens of Sofia, saying that they would expect 00:37:19.000 --> 00:37:23.720 political will and imagination so that the archeological heritage 00:37:23.800 --> 00:37:25.480 remained part of our history. 00:37:25.880 --> 00:37:29.960 In the meantime, there was an interesting set of interviews which 00:37:31.320 --> 00:37:37.120 divided the respondents from generation Hicks and generation 00:37:38.040 --> 00:37:42.520 Igrik, so that it became very obvious. 00:37:43.120 --> 00:37:46.160 Well, the second generation was actually just graduating. 00:37:46.240 --> 00:37:49.920 They were still students, graduate students, or just graduated. 00:37:50.400 --> 00:37:56.560 So it was clearly visible that younger generations were more sensitive 00:37:56.640 --> 00:38:00.320 to speaking about the cultural dimension of the process. 00:38:00.640 --> 00:38:06.160 And they insisted that this valuable heritage underground is important 00:38:06.480 --> 00:38:11.360 not to the tourists as a priority, but to us as Bulgarians. 00:38:13.440 --> 00:38:18.760 Then there was a second step in this direction. 00:38:18.840 --> 00:38:22.800 It was not easy to make things just at one step. 00:38:22.960 --> 00:38:25.520 So the second stage was 00:38:26.800 --> 00:38:30.320 trying to organize the central square, 00:38:30.400 --> 00:38:34.560 the Saint Nadella Square, which has been developed. 00:38:34.640 --> 00:38:38.160 Yes, it has a long story, historic track of development, 00:38:38.640 --> 00:38:43.600 but actually the new development is there from late 19th century, 00:38:43.680 --> 00:38:47.680 with a lot of dramatic stories about 00:38:50.160 --> 00:38:53.280 national fights and then reconstructions. 00:38:54.000 --> 00:38:57.280 And this is the way in which the public 00:38:57.360 --> 00:39:01.440 space has been living its Life 00:39:02.640 --> 00:39:04.560 somewhere in 2012. 00:39:05.680 --> 00:39:09.920 And then it was obvious that there was a need to absorb 00:39:11.040 --> 00:39:16.960 the public space and to make it more comfortable and more attractive, as it 00:39:17.040 --> 00:39:20.720 was said by both citizens and tourists. 00:39:20.800 --> 00:39:27.680 So there was a next Step in conceptualizing the place on the left. 00:39:27.760 --> 00:39:31.120 You could see some traces from a previous 00:39:31.280 --> 00:39:35.520 competition somewhere in 1970s, mid-1970s. 00:39:35.920 --> 00:39:38.240 So it has not been a new idea. 00:39:38.320 --> 00:39:41.280 It has been a very important point in the city 00:39:41.920 --> 00:39:48.600 and important point in the debate on this place about memory, about linking this 00:39:48.680 --> 00:39:50.680 memory to the contemporary development. 00:39:51.360 --> 00:39:54.560 There has been a lot of discussion. 00:39:56.600 --> 00:40:04.480 It was 12, 200 2012, and then there was 00:40:04.960 --> 00:40:07.480 a competition, architectural competition. 00:40:07.560 --> 00:40:12.040 You could just see the winning projects of this competition. 00:40:12.120 --> 00:40:16.360 Nobody was very much inspired by these 00:40:16.440 --> 00:40:22.280 results and no realization took place. 00:40:22.360 --> 00:40:25.160 So the next step was in 2018, 00:40:25.880 --> 00:40:29.440 again an effort to organize public debate, 00:40:29.520 --> 00:40:32.600 to organize a competition, architectural competition. 00:40:33.080 --> 00:40:39.560 And this time it was again the effort of the civil society 00:40:40.760 --> 00:40:42.360 to organize the debate. 00:40:43.560 --> 00:40:48.840 The city architect and the administration of the municipality were very much focused 00:40:48.920 --> 00:40:54.160 on the technical aspects, because the place was, 00:40:55.680 --> 00:41:00.120 well, any vital space in the middle of the city was very, 00:41:00.600 --> 00:41:04.400 very difficult to manage, because it was the meeting point 00:41:04.480 --> 00:41:06.640 of many flows, of many processes. 00:41:07.400 --> 00:41:11.840 So it was this time in their vision to calm down the traffic. 00:41:12.360 --> 00:41:16.280 But then there were many people involved, many institutions involved already 00:41:16.360 --> 00:41:20.840 in these informally organized discussions 00:41:20.920 --> 00:41:24.200 and opportunities 00:41:26.520 --> 00:41:30.440 for put the priorities in this public debate. 00:41:32.040 --> 00:41:37.000 So the next step of the municipality was to organize the competition 00:41:37.080 --> 00:41:38.000 in a better way. 00:41:38.080 --> 00:41:42.040 They said what they wanted to do was to minimize criticism. 00:41:42.200 --> 00:41:49.120 So the brief, the competition brief was commissioned to a team by the university, 00:41:49.440 --> 00:41:50.800 by an academic team. 00:41:51.040 --> 00:41:53.680 And then the idea was that probably if 00:41:56.960 --> 00:42:00.120 foreign architects are invited to take 00:42:00.200 --> 00:42:04.640 part into this competition, probably criticism will be less. 00:42:06.160 --> 00:42:09.600 There was a difficult debate between 00:42:09.680 --> 00:42:13.600 the administration and the brief team. 00:42:15.480 --> 00:42:22.120 Regretfully, this governance culture was very resilient. 00:42:22.280 --> 00:42:24.520 So it was not able to change things. 00:42:25.480 --> 00:42:32.440 The brief team insisted on needy surveys, on needed debate with the public 00:42:32.520 --> 00:42:34.720 on needed two stage process. 00:42:35.320 --> 00:42:38.720 First about the concept and then about the design. 00:42:39.800 --> 00:42:44.400 That is obviously done in Brussels, but not in our case. 00:42:45.440 --> 00:42:50.880 So despite all the preliminary surveys done by the Brief team, you could 00:42:50.960 --> 00:42:54.560 see there the second competition results. 00:42:54.720 --> 00:42:58.000 It was the first prize of Studio Fuchsos. 00:42:58.560 --> 00:43:02.800 And it is not about the quality of the design. 00:43:02.960 --> 00:43:08.800 It is about the lack of sensitivity to what is happening in this place 00:43:09.200 --> 00:43:11.520 as a continuity of an urban process. 00:43:13.880 --> 00:43:19.040 But anyway, it was in the culture 00:43:19.120 --> 00:43:21.400 was changing with a different pace. 00:43:21.720 --> 00:43:28.600 So this here is still staying and waiting for some impetus to be 00:43:29.160 --> 00:43:30.760 changed in a different way. 00:43:30.920 --> 00:43:34.200 The second situation is in the Kapana quarter. 00:43:34.280 --> 00:43:37.720 This is in Povdiv, the second largest city of Bulgaria. 00:43:38.120 --> 00:43:43.640 And again there was an impetus for change and an impetus for discussing the cultural 00:43:43.960 --> 00:43:47.920 dimensions set by the possibility to apply 00:43:48.000 --> 00:43:51.480 for the cultural capital of Europe 00:43:51.960 --> 00:43:57.320 in 2019, that was actually a successful application. 00:43:57.880 --> 00:44:03.360 And one of these projects included in the application was about this small 00:44:03.440 --> 00:44:05.160 quarter in the heart of the city, 00:44:06.280 --> 00:44:10.680 with a very specific atmosphere, 00:44:10.840 --> 00:44:13.400 not probably a world heritage 00:44:14.840 --> 00:44:17.920 importance, but surely keeping an ensemble 00:44:18.000 --> 00:44:23.960 which was keeping the atmosphere of the late 19th, early 20th century. 00:44:25.000 --> 00:44:28.520 That was decided to be 00:44:29.400 --> 00:44:32.680 a quarter to be turned into a quarter of 00:44:33.400 --> 00:44:35.720 arts of creative industries. 00:44:36.520 --> 00:44:39.760 And then four universities were 00:44:39.840 --> 00:44:43.640 invited to join and to provide ideas. 00:44:44.200 --> 00:44:46.120 That was a real chance to. 00:44:47.520 --> 00:44:51.200 To get students and young professionals in the process. 00:44:51.840 --> 00:44:56.880 So a lot of enthusiastic work has been undertaken there. 00:44:56.960 --> 00:44:58.320 In the months before 00:45:00.320 --> 00:45:05.840 the project was ready with a lot of ideas. 00:45:06.080 --> 00:45:09.840 An interdisciplinary team of architects, 00:45:11.120 --> 00:45:14.280 ethnography and spatial 00:45:14.360 --> 00:45:17.360 planners provided the concept. 00:45:17.520 --> 00:45:23.920 The conceptual discussion about how a quarter in the city is expected 00:45:24.400 --> 00:45:27.120 to impact the whole urban process. 00:45:27.200 --> 00:45:28.880 And to be part of this process. 00:45:29.760 --> 00:45:36.160 Public spaces and then different types of activities to be organized. 00:45:36.560 --> 00:45:40.200 Yes, having in mind tourists as well, 00:45:40.280 --> 00:45:43.600 but also the inhabitants of this quarter. 00:45:44.880 --> 00:45:48.480 What happened was very far from all these things. 00:45:48.560 --> 00:45:53.200 Yes, it was turned into so called quarter of creative industries. 00:45:53.280 --> 00:45:58.880 And at the very same time, in another part of the same city, 00:46:00.080 --> 00:46:03.680 there were these warehouses, 00:46:03.920 --> 00:46:08.440 tobacco warehouses, which were privatized. 00:46:08.680 --> 00:46:15.320 And they were, despite all the ideas about creative transformation, 00:46:15.400 --> 00:46:18.600 they were actually cleared up. 00:46:18.760 --> 00:46:22.280 Yes, it was a changing culture, because the people staying 00:46:22.360 --> 00:46:24.840 there are the citizens of Waldiv. 00:46:25.000 --> 00:46:28.920 It was architects younger and not so young, 00:46:29.400 --> 00:46:34.760 but also all the citizens of Cordiv staying there in front of the ruined 00:46:35.960 --> 00:46:42.040 building, which caused the municipality to act, 00:46:42.120 --> 00:46:44.840 to stop the demolition for the moment. 00:46:46.600 --> 00:46:50.360 And the third situation is in Varna. 00:46:50.440 --> 00:46:56.600 And again there was an impact coming from outside, an impetus 00:46:56.680 --> 00:46:57.640 coming from outside. 00:46:58.440 --> 00:47:03.880 Varna was chosen to be European youth capital in 2017. 00:47:04.600 --> 00:47:07.320 And this time it was not the municipality, 00:47:08.480 --> 00:47:11.680 it was the city architect, 00:47:11.760 --> 00:47:15.680 the chief city architect, together with the community, 00:47:15.920 --> 00:47:21.240 the professional community of architects in the city, who tried to organize 00:47:21.320 --> 00:47:23.360 the project in another way. 00:47:23.680 --> 00:47:29.280 So this was inspired by Capana, but what happened in Capana 00:47:30.800 --> 00:47:32.600 for the transformation of the city. 00:47:32.680 --> 00:47:37.920 But it was also seen as a chance for organizing a big 00:47:38.000 --> 00:47:44.560 debate about the debate and as they put it, to take out architects 00:47:46.000 --> 00:47:52.920 in the streets and to make them realize their power in organizing 00:47:53.000 --> 00:47:56.920 a transformation that would be respectful to the place and that would 00:47:57.000 --> 00:47:59.440 be able to activate citizens. 00:48:00.560 --> 00:48:05.200 So these are already projects which were organized by young architects and. 00:48:05.320 --> 00:48:06.680 And spatial plannings. 00:48:06.840 --> 00:48:11.480 And they have been first focused on public debate, on the value, 00:48:11.560 --> 00:48:16.520 on the cultural value of what is being there in the city and how this 00:48:17.320 --> 00:48:22.200 quality of the urban environment could be created together, 00:48:22.680 --> 00:48:29.400 thinking and moving together with citizens and policymakers. 00:48:30.680 --> 00:48:34.480 So, yes, There was a huge support from the European level, 00:48:34.560 --> 00:48:40.760 but it was also a self mobilization of the professional community of Varna. 00:48:40.840 --> 00:48:43.040 Several projects could be mentioned there. 00:48:43.120 --> 00:48:44.600 The first one there is. 00:48:45.000 --> 00:48:48.360 The name is a bit difficult to translate, but it is. 00:48:48.520 --> 00:48:49.240 You are. 00:48:49.320 --> 00:48:54.600 You are the city with a message to the citizens there. 00:48:55.640 --> 00:49:00.760 Then there was another one focused on reanimating the squares 00:49:00.840 --> 00:49:03.720 of Varna, public space of Varna. 00:49:03.880 --> 00:49:07.480 So it was not just one action, it was not just one event, 00:49:07.800 --> 00:49:14.560 it was a sequence, events of events where all these energy 00:49:15.520 --> 00:49:18.800 mobilized and the synergies created 00:49:18.880 --> 00:49:23.200 were able to provide a real life effect. 00:49:24.000 --> 00:49:28.160 And actually, I'm not going to speak about all these 00:49:28.240 --> 00:49:31.520 projects, because there is a lot of detail there. 00:49:32.240 --> 00:49:37.040 But then the point is that many young people were joined in these projects. 00:49:37.280 --> 00:49:42.080 They worked there, they split them, they moved away, went to other cities. 00:49:42.640 --> 00:49:46.600 We could now discover them in other places, in other positions. 00:49:46.680 --> 00:49:49.680 Some of them, one of them is a chief city architect. 00:49:49.840 --> 00:49:53.600 In another city of Bulgaria, there was 00:49:54.080 --> 00:49:56.880 another project stemming from the same 00:49:56.960 --> 00:50:00.880 thing, which is this adorable Italiana project, which was 00:50:02.080 --> 00:50:07.680 focusing on the special small 19th, 20th 00:50:07.760 --> 00:50:10.480 century housing is the housing quarter. 00:50:11.360 --> 00:50:16.480 And speaking about heritage at risk, but also speaking about heritage in Oawe 00:50:16.800 --> 00:50:21.120 and combining professional, professional attitude to 00:50:23.040 --> 00:50:27.040 studying what is there and what is possible to do, 00:50:27.840 --> 00:50:33.520 combining the efforts with the owners themselves, who needed the support to 00:50:35.520 --> 00:50:39.760 keep their dwellings and to upgrade them so that they could be 00:50:41.520 --> 00:50:47.760 comfortable and attractive to live in and to keep people 00:50:47.840 --> 00:50:54.000 there, not to leave this place to tourists, to keep this alive. 00:50:55.680 --> 00:51:02.080 So these are the reasons for optimism, that things are moving to a good. 00:51:03.760 --> 00:51:06.960 Well, not linearly, but moving in a good direction. 00:51:08.080 --> 00:51:12.320 Actually, it was obvious through this, 00:51:12.800 --> 00:51:15.280 through tracing the process, 00:51:15.680 --> 00:51:20.880 that culture is a multi layered component, it's a dynamic component and it is 00:51:24.000 --> 00:51:26.320 changing at a different pace. 00:51:27.360 --> 00:51:30.880 And it has different dimensions, tangible and intangible. 00:51:33.240 --> 00:51:37.640 Urban memory is not to be taken for granted, because it is something 00:51:37.720 --> 00:51:41.400 which is continually regenerated or sometimes lost. 00:51:42.600 --> 00:51:45.000 It is value based and needs to be 00:51:46.840 --> 00:51:49.800 shared with living people, 00:51:49.960 --> 00:51:51.400 with living communities. 00:51:51.640 --> 00:51:57.160 And it is the way in which urban culture is being built and regenerated. 00:51:58.360 --> 00:52:02.600 And then probably it is important to mention also that yes, 00:52:02.680 --> 00:52:06.840 there are material traces left in the urban environment as 00:52:06.920 --> 00:52:08.360 a result of a long process. 00:52:09.320 --> 00:52:13.960 And this is the visible messages to the present day and to the future. 00:52:14.360 --> 00:52:18.680 But there are also a lot of processes of 00:52:20.680 --> 00:52:24.520 trials and sometimes failures that have 00:52:24.600 --> 00:52:28.240 been processes of searching, processes of arguing, 00:52:28.680 --> 00:52:34.280 processes of clashes and clashes of ideas and values that still 00:52:34.360 --> 00:52:36.600 stay largely unrecorded. 00:52:36.920 --> 00:52:41.560 And it is important to keep them, not to lose them, because 00:52:41.640 --> 00:52:43.400 These are the lessons learned. 00:52:44.520 --> 00:52:46.120 And then we come to education. 00:52:46.760 --> 00:52:51.240 And education is something more than providing the higher education 00:52:51.640 --> 00:52:55.040 to architects and planners. 00:52:55.120 --> 00:52:59.360 Yes, they have to be educated in the capacity 00:52:59.440 --> 00:53:06.320 to organize urban policy, to undertake urban policy, 00:53:06.720 --> 00:53:12.240 but it is also the mutual educating of many actors in this process. 00:53:12.960 --> 00:53:18.800 And it is about being able to do this together, to provide this 00:53:19.120 --> 00:53:20.880 sense of shared responsibility. 00:53:21.200 --> 00:53:25.680 It is a long term time task, but it is also a task that needs to be 00:53:26.080 --> 00:53:29.280 undertaken every single day. 00:53:31.520 --> 00:53:37.200 And it is educating young generations as professionals, 00:53:37.360 --> 00:53:42.960 but also as citizens taking responsibility for the future. 00:53:43.040 --> 00:53:43.680 Thank you. 00:53:51.040 --> 00:53:53.360 Thank you very much, Elena, for your presentation. 00:53:53.440 --> 00:53:56.640 And the last intervention in this 00:53:57.200 --> 00:54:00.880 morning session today is by Janet Askew, 00:54:01.040 --> 00:54:04.480 who is the vice president of the European Council of Spatial Planners. 00:54:04.560 --> 00:54:09.720 Janet is your first time here in Gdansk, but fourth one. 00:54:09.800 --> 00:54:13.760 Okay, so we can say welcome home or welcome back home. 00:54:13.840 --> 00:54:14.640 We can see say. 00:54:15.040 --> 00:54:20.720 And, and I hope that actually this final intervention will become a good 00:54:20.880 --> 00:54:22.800 point of departure for the further session. 00:54:22.880 --> 00:54:27.920 We are in a, a little bit in the delay, but I think that we can easily cut off 00:54:28.000 --> 00:54:31.800 the, you know, coffee break and just continue, you know, so that's how it is. 00:54:31.880 --> 00:54:33.200 Janice, floor is yours. 00:54:35.360 --> 00:54:38.680 No, you're not going to hear anything now 00:54:38.760 --> 00:54:42.040 that you haven't heard already in the last day or two. 00:54:42.840 --> 00:54:46.280 But I think this means that we may actually all be on the same page 00:54:46.440 --> 00:54:48.760 and we've all got very similar ideas. 00:54:48.840 --> 00:54:49.880 So it's very nice. 00:54:50.120 --> 00:54:56.280 My whole talk is going to be about multidisciplinary and my headline is 00:54:56.360 --> 00:54:59.800 from the outset, so we all keep together. 00:54:59.880 --> 00:55:01.640 Integration from the outset. 00:55:05.160 --> 00:55:06.400 I can't believe that this. 00:55:06.480 --> 00:55:08.960 Someone has already shown a slide of the London Tube. 00:55:09.440 --> 00:55:14.800 But this is my first ever job when I worked for London Transport on the tube 00:55:14.960 --> 00:55:20.400 and we were given a line to look at, looking at the surplus land 00:55:20.640 --> 00:55:22.000 along the railway line. 00:55:22.160 --> 00:55:26.360 And I was given the Northern line and this was my site, 00:55:26.440 --> 00:55:28.080 if you like, my development site. 00:55:28.160 --> 00:55:32.000 And we were looking at surplus railway land, 00:55:32.880 --> 00:55:37.360 how we could develop it for the benefits of the London Transport. 00:55:37.600 --> 00:55:43.000 And also looking at the densification around stations, or air rights as we 00:55:43.080 --> 00:55:45.920 called them then, to build above stations. 00:55:46.640 --> 00:55:50.800 And we made all sorts of proposals in 1974, 51 years ago. 00:55:51.280 --> 00:55:54.160 And some of those proposals have still not come to fruition. 00:55:54.640 --> 00:55:55.520 Some of them have. 00:55:56.080 --> 00:55:59.000 So one of them, if you've been to London, you will know King's Cross 00:55:59.080 --> 00:56:00.560 and St Pancras and its success. 00:56:00.960 --> 00:56:04.720 And you will also without a doubt know what's happened at London Bridge 00:56:04.800 --> 00:56:06.840 Station, which of course is the Shard. 00:56:07.080 --> 00:56:09.600 So I'm sure that some of you will understand and know. 00:56:09.680 --> 00:56:15.480 These different sites at King's Cross, 40 years at least in the making 00:56:15.640 --> 00:56:18.760 of what's happened at King's Cross now. 40 years. 00:56:19.400 --> 00:56:22.440 So it isn't a rapid process developing any site. 00:56:23.000 --> 00:56:28.160 And here we had a lot of community protests at the beginning of King's Cross 00:56:28.240 --> 00:56:31.120 many years ago and they did have some achievements, 00:56:31.280 --> 00:56:34.080 the community, they were able to achieve. 00:56:34.240 --> 00:56:39.120 The park on the left there that you can see, that was a temporary development, 00:56:39.600 --> 00:56:41.200 made permanent, not still there. 00:56:41.280 --> 00:56:45.600 And it's quite mature now and good for children, school children, visits, etc. 00:56:45.760 --> 00:56:49.800 And also the heritage is very good at King's Cross and the two stations, 00:56:49.880 --> 00:56:54.000 King's Cross and St Pancras are both grade one listed buildings. 00:56:54.080 --> 00:56:56.800 So the heritage has been really, really good here. 00:56:57.480 --> 00:57:00.840 But lot of debate, everybody's been involved. 00:57:00.920 --> 00:57:03.000 This is my point, my first point. 00:57:03.240 --> 00:57:07.880 No project comes together without there being a huge number of stakeholders. 00:57:07.960 --> 00:57:10.360 A multidisciplinary approach to everything. 00:57:12.440 --> 00:57:16.600 Just quickly, this is St Pancras, the railway station. 00:57:16.680 --> 00:57:18.800 Fantastic. It is fantastic. 00:57:18.880 --> 00:57:22.720 The renovation of the station and the hotel and the building 00:57:22.800 --> 00:57:24.400 on the right there on the model. 00:57:25.240 --> 00:57:27.160 I think it's Google, definitely. 00:57:27.240 --> 00:57:30.440 And I think it calls itself a horizontal skyscraper. 00:57:31.160 --> 00:57:32.840 So you can take that with you. 00:57:33.320 --> 00:57:34.320 What happened here? 00:57:34.400 --> 00:57:36.800 Yes, it's a success from heritage point of view. 00:57:36.880 --> 00:57:38.680 It's a success, yes. 00:57:38.760 --> 00:57:42.760 From the point of view of the economy, business, there's a university there, 00:57:42.840 --> 00:57:44.140 so it was education. 00:57:44.360 --> 00:57:46.360 It's definitely a success for tourism. 00:57:46.440 --> 00:57:51.800 11 million tourists per annum and very successful in design terms. 00:57:51.880 --> 00:57:52.600 People like it. 00:57:53.880 --> 00:57:58.040 But the social impact, this is where planners start to creep into this. 00:57:58.120 --> 00:58:02.920 Now we have to consider what's happening with some of these major projects. 00:58:03.400 --> 00:58:06.120 Massive social displacement of existing population. 00:58:06.360 --> 00:58:07.800 We have to think about that. 00:58:07.960 --> 00:58:13.280 And then we haven't addressed very much this week, gentrification and what 00:58:13.360 --> 00:58:15.880 really is happening with displacement. 00:58:16.120 --> 00:58:17.760 The community park remained. 00:58:17.840 --> 00:58:21.800 Yes, there's an awful lot of privatization of so called public space. 00:58:21.960 --> 00:58:24.880 It's private space, space and affordability. 00:58:25.360 --> 00:58:31.200 Well, this apartment on top of the gas works is 7 million and that's 00:58:31.280 --> 00:58:32.800 a cheap apartment for London. 00:58:34.800 --> 00:58:36.480 So this will be familiar to you. 00:58:37.600 --> 00:58:44.240 So Renzo Piano said, this is a vertical village above the station. 00:58:44.400 --> 00:58:46.480 Is it public realm? 00:58:46.560 --> 00:58:50.960 Is it residences, houses, hotel, retail, public spaces? 00:58:51.200 --> 00:58:55.920 It was actually integrated into a huge infrastructure of £1 billion 00:58:56.960 --> 00:59:02.240 to regenerate London Bridge Station, which is a huge hub south of the river. 00:59:04.080 --> 00:59:06.080 It was outside the strategic plan for London. 00:59:06.160 --> 00:59:09.520 This tower, this tall building, it's the tallest building in the UK still. 00:59:09.680 --> 00:59:14.000 But what it did was set a Precedent for other tall towers to literally 00:59:14.080 --> 00:59:15.520 just pop up all over London. 00:59:15.600 --> 00:59:17.520 There's 600 in the pipeline now. 00:59:18.000 --> 00:59:22.000 So that in a way was something that the planners were irritated about. 00:59:22.160 --> 00:59:25.360 But we have got a building that's extremely popular. 00:59:25.600 --> 00:59:28.520 Everybody likes it, it, it sets this precedent. 00:59:28.600 --> 00:59:33.080 But it is 50 pound for the public to access this public space. 00:59:33.400 --> 00:59:36.600 And if you want to buy an apartment here, it's £50 million. 00:59:36.840 --> 00:59:37.720 So save up. 00:59:39.960 --> 00:59:42.520 So when I'm thinking about this multidisciplinarity, 00:59:42.600 --> 00:59:47.080 I'm looking at all these bricks really and thinking everybody knows that these 00:59:47.160 --> 00:59:50.280 are all the kind of stakeholders who get involved in a big development. 00:59:50.840 --> 00:59:53.840 Everybody. And there's no, I have placed them here. 00:59:54.160 --> 00:59:57.040 There is no hierarchy at this point. 00:59:57.360 --> 01:00:00.000 They're all just here from politics. 01:00:00.160 --> 01:00:02.960 Planning is a very political subject. 01:00:03.200 --> 01:00:08.520 Land use is political and right through to the occupants and even who builds it. 01:00:08.600 --> 01:00:10.120 That's our problem in the UK at the moment. 01:00:10.200 --> 01:00:12.240 We haven't got enough builders or bricks. 01:00:12.720 --> 01:00:15.560 So how do we get to integrate all these things? 01:00:15.640 --> 01:00:18.080 And that's what I kind of want to talk about a little bit bit. 01:00:20.080 --> 01:00:25.760 So a lot of people talk about certain projects being led by certain ways. 01:00:26.160 --> 01:00:30.000 Well, the first photograph here is something called the walkie talkie. 01:00:30.080 --> 01:00:32.960 I don't know if everybody does this, give their buildings funny names, 01:00:33.040 --> 01:00:34.560 but this is a walkie talkie. 01:00:34.640 --> 01:00:35.920 It's a very greedy development. 01:00:36.400 --> 01:00:39.120 It is a developer and investor led development. 01:00:39.600 --> 01:00:44.880 It sits on the tiniest platform, the tiniest footprint and it flares out 01:00:45.120 --> 01:00:51.480 at the top for obvious reasons and it leans like this over as it happens. 01:00:51.560 --> 01:00:56.000 The Royal Town Planning Institute offices in London, the planner's offices 01:00:56.400 --> 01:00:59.280 and not only that, it faces south. 01:00:59.680 --> 01:01:04.160 The light caught it in a particular way and it actually burnt a car on the ground. 01:01:04.800 --> 01:01:07.520 So it had to be all sorts of things had to be redone. 01:01:07.600 --> 01:01:11.720 It is a very unpopular building and you can see it's very good relationship 01:01:11.800 --> 01:01:15.920 sarcastic with heritage of this street, City of London. 01:01:16.320 --> 01:01:19.840 The next building was a tobacco factory in my city of Bristol. 01:01:19.920 --> 01:01:24.080 And this has been a culture led development and it is amazing. 01:01:24.400 --> 01:01:28.320 So an architect, planner, mayor took over this building, 01:01:28.640 --> 01:01:32.080 turned it into a theater, an arts center and it's regenerated. 01:01:32.160 --> 01:01:36.640 Not only this sort of vacant shopping street, it has regenerated 01:01:36.720 --> 01:01:38.560 the whole area now gentrified. 01:01:38.640 --> 01:01:42.200 But nevertheless it's had been successful in terms of the retail area, 01:01:43.760 --> 01:01:46.800 Covent Garden tourism, public led project. 01:01:46.880 --> 01:01:50.880 In 1974 this was to be demolished for offices. 01:01:51.040 --> 01:01:54.880 But no, the public really stood up and protested here and I'll 01:01:54.960 --> 01:01:56.160 show you more in a minute. 01:01:56.960 --> 01:02:01.680 I would say the next one is an architecture led development. 01:02:01.920 --> 01:02:06.080 This is Selfridge's shop in Birmingham on our same wall. 01:02:06.400 --> 01:02:11.600 The last slide is a profit led development by poor quality housing. 01:02:12.400 --> 01:02:13.120 We'll see. 01:02:14.560 --> 01:02:16.680 We're being greenwashed by house builders. 01:02:16.760 --> 01:02:20.400 In the uk house builders make phenomenal profit. 01:02:20.720 --> 01:02:25.200 They buy land at very expensive prices, build housing as cheaply as they can, 01:02:25.360 --> 01:02:28.560 their profits range up to 35%. 01:02:29.360 --> 01:02:30.480 And who suffers? 01:02:30.560 --> 01:02:32.640 Well, anyone who buys one of these houses. 01:02:32.800 --> 01:02:36.880 Cambridge has been again this has been going on, 01:02:36.960 --> 01:02:40.120 planning Cambridge, planning for new housing around 01:02:40.200 --> 01:02:42.920 Cambridge for about 40 years, probably. 01:02:43.480 --> 01:02:47.000 And we end up with this place called North Stow. 01:02:47.160 --> 01:02:50.840 It might improve but it isn't good at the moment it's built. 01:02:52.200 --> 01:02:54.200 They say it's a sustainable new development. 01:02:54.360 --> 01:02:56.600 And developers often say these kind of things, don't they? 01:02:56.680 --> 01:03:01.480 They say, well it's sustainable, it's an eco town, it's green town, 01:03:01.720 --> 01:03:04.120 it's garden city, misused term. 01:03:05.080 --> 01:03:07.320 It isn't very sustainable when you get there. 01:03:07.800 --> 01:03:11.560 And it says it's an area rich in local history, well you'd never know. 01:03:11.720 --> 01:03:15.280 And the thing about this though is that it isn't attached to Cambridge because 01:03:15.360 --> 01:03:20.280 Cambridge has a green belt and Cambridge is protected from urban sprawl. 01:03:20.920 --> 01:03:25.400 But what happened here, this is the approach to North Stow. 01:03:25.560 --> 01:03:27.400 This isn't a sustainable approach. 01:03:27.720 --> 01:03:30.120 This is a car led approach. Okay? 01:03:30.200 --> 01:03:34.520 There is no public transportation at the moment because when we build houses 01:03:34.600 --> 01:03:38.400 in the uk, we build the houses, then we build up demand. 01:03:39.200 --> 01:03:43.840 The demand doesn't come in other countries where I visited, especially Germany. 01:03:43.920 --> 01:03:48.880 I think the transport's put in first. 01:03:49.120 --> 01:03:53.440 Then when the housing comes, the demand is the transports there, 01:03:53.520 --> 01:03:56.560 the public transport, it happens the opposite in England. 01:03:56.800 --> 01:04:00.360 So what happens is new development becomes co dependent and then public 01:04:00.440 --> 01:04:01.560 transport doesn't work. 01:04:02.040 --> 01:04:04.240 So I think this is a failure of planning. 01:04:04.320 --> 01:04:05.800 I don't mind reflecting on this. 01:04:06.040 --> 01:04:10.040 I think we need to look at this a bit more carefully and this frankly is it. 01:04:10.280 --> 01:04:14.280 And I can tell you now all of you that no architect has been near this. 01:04:14.520 --> 01:04:17.000 This is entirely computer designed. 01:04:17.080 --> 01:04:22.440 And if you go to any single city urban extension in the UK at the moment, 01:04:22.520 --> 01:04:23.720 this is what you'll see. 01:04:24.040 --> 01:04:29.320 And because we only have six, up to six, four big house builders mainly 01:04:29.400 --> 01:04:31.640 built all our houses in the uk. 01:04:32.280 --> 01:04:33.320 What's missing here? 01:04:33.400 --> 01:04:34.760 Well, beauty for a start. 01:04:35.240 --> 01:04:37.640 It was weeds, it was really awful. 01:04:37.800 --> 01:04:39.240 These are all my pictures. 01:04:40.040 --> 01:04:41.640 I'd say architecture's missing. 01:04:41.720 --> 01:04:43.480 There's nothing sustainable about it. 01:04:43.560 --> 01:04:46.840 Net zero housing, landscaping, public transport, schools, 01:04:47.000 --> 01:04:48.920 community spirit, let's say that. 01:04:49.560 --> 01:04:51.000 And I'm not terribly sure. 01:04:51.080 --> 01:04:53.840 I would say that the people who, the stakeholders involved, 01:04:53.920 --> 01:04:57.920 involved were not integrated in any approach to this particular place. 01:04:58.720 --> 01:05:02.960 Covent Garden is another super successful place in London. 01:05:03.680 --> 01:05:07.680 This has got, I don't know, 44 million tourists a year. 01:05:08.640 --> 01:05:13.360 And again the protests in the 1970s stopped this. 01:05:13.440 --> 01:05:17.960 This has had a lot of benefits and a lot of financial aspects came 01:05:18.040 --> 01:05:21.440 into this because next door to Covent Garden is London Opera House, 01:05:21.520 --> 01:05:23.440 which desperately needed regeneration. 01:05:24.280 --> 01:05:29.640 And because of that there was a lot of discussion about 01:05:29.720 --> 01:05:33.160 the financing and the investment that how this project would work 01:05:33.560 --> 01:05:37.200 in order to release some what we would call planning game, land value, 01:05:37.280 --> 01:05:39.200 capture, to regenerate the opera. 01:05:39.280 --> 01:05:41.680 And that's what's happened and that's been successful. 01:05:41.760 --> 01:05:43.480 Heritage is very successful here. 01:05:43.560 --> 01:05:45.880 It is in general a very good project. 01:05:46.600 --> 01:05:51.280 And it was the community who protested endlessly in the 1970s to say, 01:05:51.360 --> 01:05:52.840 do not knock down the Monarch market. 01:05:55.880 --> 01:06:01.640 Oh, this is, I think an architecture led 01:06:01.720 --> 01:06:04.680 project in Birmingham, which is Britain's second city. 01:06:05.080 --> 01:06:06.760 Birmingham has got a bad reputation. 01:06:06.840 --> 01:06:12.080 It's a big, big industrial city and yet it has been led very 01:06:12.160 --> 01:06:15.080 interestingly in the last, well, 20 years. 01:06:15.560 --> 01:06:19.040 And this is Selfridges, the famous shop from London, London, 01:06:19.120 --> 01:06:23.120 which wouldn't normally locate in a place like this, but there was an architecture 01:06:23.200 --> 01:06:24.800 competition and they agreed. 01:06:24.880 --> 01:06:29.640 Selfridges agreed to locate their shop in this very unusual and huge building 01:06:29.720 --> 01:06:32.320 which is a real icon for Birmingham now. 01:06:32.400 --> 01:06:38.000 It's very successful and it managed to then regenerate all the area around it. 01:06:38.080 --> 01:06:39.280 And this is what we had. 01:06:39.360 --> 01:06:42.120 And this was a very unpopular building, this thing called 01:06:42.200 --> 01:06:43.480 the Rotunda in the bullring. 01:06:43.560 --> 01:06:45.520 That was its name, it still is its name. 01:06:46.160 --> 01:06:47.840 And people didn't like living here. 01:06:47.920 --> 01:06:53.200 It was very low quality all round and Birmingham was very well known 01:06:53.280 --> 01:06:57.680 for underpasses and endless cars and highways everywhere. 01:06:57.920 --> 01:07:04.760 And the regeneration started and it was led in some ways by this architecture. 01:07:04.840 --> 01:07:06.400 So you can be glad about that. 01:07:07.360 --> 01:07:11.800 And Birmingham now has kind of got this reputation for architecture now. 01:07:11.880 --> 01:07:14.320 It's not Rotterdam, but it is nevertheless. 01:07:14.400 --> 01:07:17.280 There are a lot of very interesting buildings that have been commissioned 01:07:17.360 --> 01:07:19.480 in Birmingham and I think it's good. 01:07:19.640 --> 01:07:24.000 But the main thing about Birmingham now is that the entire city center is 01:07:24.080 --> 01:07:27.560 pedestrianized and that's been very, very successful. 01:07:27.960 --> 01:07:29.960 So the architecture started it. 01:07:30.040 --> 01:07:33.880 Then the planners made sure with all the visions and the transport 01:07:33.960 --> 01:07:38.560 planners and there was a city planner in Birmingham who was able to look at, 01:07:38.800 --> 01:07:44.000 at what he wanted to do, which was really remove all the flyovers, 01:07:44.080 --> 01:07:47.800 the highways, remove all the underpasses and that's been very, 01:07:47.880 --> 01:07:49.280 very Successful, indeed. 01:07:52.480 --> 01:07:56.080 So I'm not saying that planners are always right, we're not. 01:07:56.240 --> 01:08:00.120 I want to say that planners join in a kind of multidisciplinary 01:08:00.200 --> 01:08:01.360 way with everybody else. 01:08:01.440 --> 01:08:02.560 We're part of the team. 01:08:03.120 --> 01:08:06.000 But I've been my president and myself. 01:08:06.080 --> 01:08:09.440 We're here today from the European Council of Spatial Planners. 01:08:09.520 --> 01:08:14.400 And I still like to think that the planner conducts the orchestra. 01:08:15.040 --> 01:08:18.480 Not we don't lead it, but I think we sort of conduct it. 01:08:18.560 --> 01:08:21.440 And the orchestra is conducted, isn't it, right from the very beginning 01:08:21.520 --> 01:08:24.320 of the music, right to the final part of the music. 01:08:24.560 --> 01:08:26.480 And I think we're involved all the way. 01:08:26.960 --> 01:08:30.920 And I also think that reflection is really important for planning and planning. 01:08:32.760 --> 01:08:33.960 So, very briefly, 01:08:37.640 --> 01:08:39.880 this is what our charter says. 01:08:40.040 --> 01:08:43.320 Now, yesterday we heard the ISO CARP is also wanting to move 01:08:43.400 --> 01:08:44.520 towards having a charter. 01:08:45.000 --> 01:08:48.960 And I think this is a really good thing, that we have some sort of way of telling 01:08:49.040 --> 01:08:51.240 people what a planner does and what a planner is. 01:08:51.400 --> 01:08:55.480 We have an expression in the UK that if you sit upstairs on a bus and you tell 01:08:55.560 --> 01:08:58.160 somebody sitting with you that you're a planner, they wouldn't have 01:08:58.240 --> 01:09:00.320 any idea at all what you did. 01:09:00.400 --> 01:09:02.920 But if you said you were an architect, they'd know that, they'd 01:09:03.000 --> 01:09:04.080 know exactly what you do. 01:09:04.160 --> 01:09:07.920 So we failed really, in our way of getting the message across about what 01:09:08.000 --> 01:09:09.760 planners do, how good we are. 01:09:10.400 --> 01:09:12.560 So we work in the public interest. 01:09:12.720 --> 01:09:15.280 That is obviously one of the most important things. 01:09:15.840 --> 01:09:18.400 I think we're good on vision, or we should be. 01:09:18.480 --> 01:09:20.800 I think we've lost some of that, but I think that that's something 01:09:20.880 --> 01:09:22.440 else that we are good at, because. 01:09:22.520 --> 01:09:26.000 But we do oversee the efficient use of land in the public interest. 01:09:27.200 --> 01:09:28.840 We work at different scales. 01:09:28.920 --> 01:09:31.960 We work at huge strategic scales, national scales. 01:09:32.040 --> 01:09:35.960 We're advising in uk, the national government, on its planning reform. 01:09:36.040 --> 01:09:40.200 Again, we look at neighborhoods as well, in connection with all sorts of other 01:09:40.280 --> 01:09:43.480 people who are doing that and of course, well being. 01:09:43.560 --> 01:09:47.920 I haven't heard much about that this week, but there's been a lot of how we build 01:09:48.000 --> 01:09:51.560 healthy cities for walkability and general health of the population. 01:09:51.960 --> 01:09:54.120 Wales in the UK is very good at that. 01:09:55.160 --> 01:10:00.240 The climate crisis, of course, which I think protects the planet from not just. 01:10:00.480 --> 01:10:02.600 Just climate, but from corruption as well. 01:10:02.680 --> 01:10:04.400 That's something else we need to tackle. 01:10:04.560 --> 01:10:09.200 And diversity in the ectp, we have to acknowledge that diversity 01:10:09.280 --> 01:10:11.680 between different countries is really vital. 01:10:12.000 --> 01:10:14.800 And yesterday we heard a question about that, didn't we? 01:10:14.880 --> 01:10:18.800 And we heard the answer was that yes, Every country has not just people say, 01:10:18.880 --> 01:10:20.480 every country's got A different system. 01:10:20.720 --> 01:10:23.120 You know, how can you talk about planning? 01:10:23.200 --> 01:10:27.920 You come from the UK and Poland and I say, because our problems are ubiquitous, 01:10:28.800 --> 01:10:32.880 our cultures are all different and let's celebrate the culture 01:10:32.960 --> 01:10:34.000 of different countries. 01:10:34.480 --> 01:10:38.080 This uniformity of housing, by the way, in the UK is not celebrating 01:10:38.160 --> 01:10:39.600 any local culture at all. 01:10:41.680 --> 01:10:45.520 I've always seen the development process as a linear process. 01:10:46.000 --> 01:10:49.800 I've always thought the politics, okay, they come first, the planners come 01:10:49.880 --> 01:10:51.620 pretty early on in the process. 01:10:51.920 --> 01:10:54.080 And I. 01:10:54.960 --> 01:10:58.280 I'm not sure now I've been introduced, I've thought about it 01:10:58.360 --> 01:11:00.000 and I've now changed my mind. 01:11:00.080 --> 01:11:03.760 Even though I've been a planner for 51 years, I see it differently now. 01:11:04.240 --> 01:11:10.000 And I'm trying to say that not only do we have all these bricks of different people 01:11:10.080 --> 01:11:13.800 working in different ways, we also have to integrate them. 01:11:13.880 --> 01:11:15.360 There's no hierarchy in it. 01:11:15.440 --> 01:11:18.000 Everyone has a vital role in the process. 01:11:19.280 --> 01:11:25.480 So as part of the things the ECTP does, I represent the ECTP on the 01:11:25.560 --> 01:11:27.200 Davos Biocultural Alliance. 01:11:27.440 --> 01:11:30.720 Now, I was going to talk about that, but you heard a lot about that yesterday, 01:11:30.800 --> 01:11:34.240 including from the chair, Oliver Martin, who told us all about 01:11:35.120 --> 01:11:36.720 what the alliance is doing. 01:11:36.800 --> 01:11:39.800 And it's really, really interesting because it is really 01:11:39.880 --> 01:11:44.400 bringing so many different stakeholders, so many different activities, 01:11:44.720 --> 01:11:49.560 so many different people and professions and experts 01:11:49.640 --> 01:11:53.120 together in this very multidisciplinary way. 01:11:53.600 --> 01:11:56.960 And then we started to talk about it, because it wasn't actually happening, 01:11:57.040 --> 01:12:00.240 that planning was in the alliance, in our very first meeting, 01:12:00.400 --> 01:12:02.240 actually, and that worried me. 01:12:02.640 --> 01:12:06.160 And so we then started to talk about this thing called Phase zero. 01:12:06.480 --> 01:12:08.160 Nobody in the UK knows what that is. 01:12:08.240 --> 01:12:09.280 We don't use the term. 01:12:09.360 --> 01:12:11.120 Some of you will, some of you won't. 01:12:11.200 --> 01:12:14.560 But phase zero is the phase that comes before, in a way, 01:12:14.640 --> 01:12:16.320 you start any project at all. 01:12:17.120 --> 01:12:21.640 And what we've learned from the Balcoutor alliance is that in phase zero, you start 01:12:21.720 --> 01:12:23.600 straight away with all the stakeholders. 01:12:23.680 --> 01:12:25.040 Nobody's missed out. 01:12:25.360 --> 01:12:29.760 You cannot develop the shard unless you know who is going to invest in it. 01:12:29.920 --> 01:12:32.960 Now, your architects, you will deal with a lot of these things. 01:12:33.120 --> 01:12:34.880 Planners, not necessarily. 01:12:34.960 --> 01:12:40.400 So I know that you will understand, but I think it has been an eye opener 01:12:40.480 --> 01:12:42.400 to involve all sorts of other people. 01:12:42.480 --> 01:12:48.320 Historians, archeologists, the developers, architects, engineers, everybody. 01:12:48.400 --> 01:12:51.680 And I had 20 names on my bricks. 01:12:52.240 --> 01:12:54.080 So now I'm making it into a circle. 01:12:54.160 --> 01:12:55.760 And there's no hierarchy here. 01:12:55.840 --> 01:12:59.040 Nobody leads it, but we all have different roles in the process. 01:13:00.240 --> 01:13:05.280 So Phase zero is what the alliance is calling 01:13:05.360 --> 01:13:08.640 this very, very, very first stage, and I like this term. 01:13:08.720 --> 01:13:09.600 I think it's good. 01:13:09.760 --> 01:13:14.080 And they say that it establishes foundational conditions for integrating 01:13:14.720 --> 01:13:21.280 sustainability, circularity, culture, of course, and in collaboration. 01:13:24.480 --> 01:13:26.040 So I've been involved with. 01:13:26.120 --> 01:13:27.120 You've seen this before. 01:13:27.680 --> 01:13:31.000 Oliver showed this slide similar. You know, what we. 01:13:31.080 --> 01:13:32.640 What the alliance is doing. 01:13:33.120 --> 01:13:37.480 But we've got this very good book we've written this year. 01:13:37.560 --> 01:13:38.640 You can look at it online. 01:13:39.120 --> 01:13:41.920 But when the Phase Zero we are. 01:13:43.720 --> 01:13:47.640 This is really interesting to me and I was involved in this particular focus group 01:13:48.040 --> 01:13:52.040 and we were looking at long term strategic planning and policy. 01:13:52.520 --> 01:13:55.400 And so setting a kind of long term view of things. 01:13:55.560 --> 01:14:00.200 And that long term view meant considering what will happen at the end of the process 01:14:00.600 --> 01:14:04.680 and what will happen about reuse and what will happen about sustainability. 01:14:05.080 --> 01:14:07.960 Not building like house builders are building in the UK at the moment. 01:14:08.120 --> 01:14:11.960 Moment for very short termism, short term profit. 01:14:12.440 --> 01:14:13.760 But looking ahead as. 01:14:13.840 --> 01:14:15.480 And we heard about this yesterday. 01:14:15.560 --> 01:14:16.720 It's not new to you. 01:14:16.800 --> 01:14:19.160 I know, it's a bit new to me. 01:14:20.200 --> 01:14:21.600 So end of life reuse. 01:14:21.680 --> 01:14:24.200 And we had a very interesting example in London actually. 01:14:24.280 --> 01:14:27.840 It was a shop, another shop, Marks Spencer's, which is 01:14:27.920 --> 01:14:29.320 a famous English shop. 01:14:29.640 --> 01:14:34.360 And they want to demolish their shop in Oxford street, the main shopping street 01:14:34.440 --> 01:14:38.200 of London, which is about eight stories, seven sort of story 01:14:38.280 --> 01:14:39.440 buildings all the way along. 01:14:39.520 --> 01:14:42.080 And of course they wanted to demolish it and build a tower. 01:14:42.560 --> 01:14:45.120 And there's been a huge controversy about it. 01:14:45.200 --> 01:14:49.200 And eventually Westminster Council 01:14:50.080 --> 01:14:53.440 published a whole new policy about 01:14:54.080 --> 01:14:58.480 reusing buildings and about protecting existing buildings, 01:14:58.560 --> 01:15:02.080 regenerating the building, you know, et cetera, 01:15:02.320 --> 01:15:05.840 rather than demolishing and starting again a much more sustainable approach. 01:15:06.160 --> 01:15:07.840 And it got permission, then it didn't. 01:15:07.920 --> 01:15:10.480 Then they refused permission permission, then they've given it again. 01:15:10.560 --> 01:15:11.840 It's very disappointing. 01:15:11.920 --> 01:15:15.480 This tower has now got planning permission, which is disappointing because 01:15:15.560 --> 01:15:17.440 we were moving towards this new policy. 01:15:17.680 --> 01:15:21.840 We were moving towards some kind of someone being a bit 01:15:21.920 --> 01:15:23.080 enlightened to say this. 01:15:23.160 --> 01:15:27.520 We're not just going to demolish things apart from the physicality of it, 01:15:27.600 --> 01:15:30.880 which doesn't really fit in the whole context of the street. 01:15:33.360 --> 01:15:34.400 Keep your eye on it. 01:15:34.880 --> 01:15:38.400 So extending the life cycle of buildings and materials is very important. 01:15:38.640 --> 01:15:41.560 And this comes at first Phase Zero, everybody's there. 01:15:43.320 --> 01:15:48.360 I did not think that I would be here now talking about this, 01:15:48.680 --> 01:15:52.360 but one of this discussion, in our discussion of Phase zero, 01:15:53.720 --> 01:15:58.200 the people, the big company, you will know them, who make cement 01:15:59.160 --> 01:16:04.880 International company are on the Biocultural Alliance. 01:16:05.240 --> 01:16:10.040 And I learned from a very young, very clever young woman who works for them 01:16:10.120 --> 01:16:15.640 all about how cement is made, where it comes from, what Sustainable concrete is. 01:16:15.960 --> 01:16:20.800 And this is not my story to tell, but you will hear this from Holcim, 01:16:20.880 --> 01:16:26.240 who have been behind this development of completely a brand new housing 01:16:26.320 --> 01:16:32.440 development in France made of reused concrete, all reused concrete. 01:16:32.520 --> 01:16:35.200 So it's a great victory, I think, for that kind of thing. 01:16:35.280 --> 01:16:35.960 It can happen. 01:16:36.440 --> 01:16:38.920 We have got to come to terms with the costings though, 01:16:39.000 --> 01:16:43.720 of how this happens in general costing, how we regulate for it. 01:16:43.800 --> 01:16:45.340 These are really important. 01:16:48.920 --> 01:16:49.880 One more slide. 01:16:57.560 --> 01:16:59.640 This is image of the city. 01:17:00.040 --> 01:17:01.640 This is perfect. Lynch. 01:17:03.160 --> 01:17:05.160 This is one of my favorite buildings. Buildings. 01:17:05.240 --> 01:17:07.040 This is Rotterdam. 01:17:07.120 --> 01:17:10.840 Of course, you will all know it and actually it's on the 01:17:12.040 --> 01:17:15.240 main slide that Piotr has made. There's the. 01:17:15.320 --> 01:17:19.600 The Market hall in Rotterdam, Vinny Mas Market hall capturing right 01:17:19.680 --> 01:17:24.440 in the middle of the market, the blom pencil by the cube houses. 01:17:24.600 --> 01:17:26.680 And I. I think this is spectacular. 01:17:26.760 --> 01:17:31.720 I think Rotterdam, in the way it's been architecture led latter is amazing. 01:17:31.800 --> 01:17:36.400 But if you go back to 1953, Rotterdam actually had the very first ever 01:17:36.480 --> 01:17:40.480 pedestrianized shopping area still there. 01:17:41.040 --> 01:17:46.040 So when I tell students that, you know, they can't believe it that anyone was 01:17:46.120 --> 01:17:51.520 doing things like that 70 years ago, this is my conclusion. 01:17:51.960 --> 01:17:55.600 I haven't said much about education, even though I work in universities. 01:17:56.800 --> 01:17:58.000 This is where we have to start. 01:17:58.080 --> 01:17:59.520 Not in the university, though. 01:17:59.600 --> 01:18:02.960 We have to start with little children, because we heard this yesterday, 01:18:03.040 --> 01:18:07.760 that children need to engage with the environment and having good design 01:18:08.320 --> 01:18:11.840 and understanding that a good environment makes for a better environment. 01:18:12.240 --> 01:18:14.560 There's so much about health of children now. 01:18:14.640 --> 01:18:19.120 This weekend in the uk there's been a big report about children 01:18:19.200 --> 01:18:20.720 not having any play space. 01:18:21.360 --> 01:18:24.040 They stay indoors all the time, all sorts of reasons. 01:18:24.200 --> 01:18:26.440 And not least of all the car. 01:18:28.120 --> 01:18:31.720 The other thing that I've come to learn from you this week, Piotrt will be pleased 01:18:31.800 --> 01:18:34.840 about this, is the role of the city architect. 01:18:35.240 --> 01:18:39.000 And I would also say perhaps city planner, because Birmingham did have city 01:18:39.080 --> 01:18:41.000 planner to get to where it's got. 01:18:41.320 --> 01:18:43.240 But I think that city architect. 01:18:43.320 --> 01:18:46.880 I've understood hearing all these different people telling me about that, 01:18:46.960 --> 01:18:52.600 that it is a very valid role for someone and for the city. 01:18:53.240 --> 01:18:55.400 So we don't have any in the uk. 01:18:56.600 --> 01:19:00.920 Someone told me yesterday there was one in Scotland for the national nation. 01:19:01.240 --> 01:19:02.680 But I looked it up. 01:19:02.760 --> 01:19:06.520 There's 57,000 architects operating in England. 01:19:07.080 --> 01:19:13.720 380, not 3380 architects work in municipalities. 01:19:14.200 --> 01:19:16.360 When I started work, there was a huge. 01:19:16.440 --> 01:19:19.000 There were huge departments of architectures and design 01:19:19.760 --> 01:19:21.920 in local authorities, municipalities. 01:19:22.360 --> 01:19:24.760 And now they don't exist there. 01:19:24.840 --> 01:19:26.520 It's mainly in Private companies. 01:19:28.880 --> 01:19:29.440 There has. 01:19:29.520 --> 01:19:31.960 To be a commitment to good quality and good quality is about 01:19:32.040 --> 01:19:33.040 cost often, isn't it? 01:19:33.120 --> 01:19:34.880 And we heard about that yesterday as well. 01:19:35.240 --> 01:19:38.760 So just reflecting, you know, it isn't necessarily always much more 01:19:38.840 --> 01:19:43.840 expensive to build sustainably and you know we've had, 01:19:43.920 --> 01:19:47.680 we've tried to have these regulations in England and then governments come 01:19:47.760 --> 01:19:50.600 along, they're lobbied by developers and house builders especially. 01:19:51.000 --> 01:19:54.760 They don't want to be building solar panels even on new houses. 01:19:54.840 --> 01:19:57.360 That's a new rule that's coming in shortly. 01:19:57.440 --> 01:20:02.280 Again we've had that rule before in 2016, then it was canceled, now it's back. 01:20:02.760 --> 01:20:04.040 So let's hope that works. 01:20:04.120 --> 01:20:05.800 But there's a lot more to it than that. 01:20:05.880 --> 01:20:09.480 And good quality does cost but as we know, we've heard it's good investment. 01:20:11.320 --> 01:20:13.560 The smart regulation. Well I. 01:20:14.120 --> 01:20:18.240 Planning law is really my interest, interest but if we don't regulate, 01:20:18.320 --> 01:20:20.200 there's no, we have to regulate. 01:20:20.440 --> 01:20:23.080 There's no reason why anyone would follow any regulations. 01:20:23.160 --> 01:20:27.720 I don't want to be over regulated but we want to talk about smart regulation where 01:20:27.800 --> 01:20:30.680 we can, you know, where it is valid regulation but there's 01:20:30.760 --> 01:20:32.840 no point in having it if you don't enforce it. 01:20:32.920 --> 01:20:35.560 So enforcement is really, really important. 01:20:36.360 --> 01:20:42.160 And finally we heard yesterday someone say that the best thing that we can do as 01:20:42.240 --> 01:20:47.760 a group of, of stakeholders in the built in natural environment is to travel. 01:20:48.080 --> 01:20:52.280 Well, I don't know about you but every time I go away my children write to me and 01:20:52.360 --> 01:20:54.880 say are you having a lovely holiday, mom? 01:20:55.200 --> 01:20:58.480 And I write back and say I'm not on holiday, I'm working. 01:20:59.120 --> 01:21:03.600 But I think what we would call it in the ECTP we would call it 01:21:03.680 --> 01:21:05.680 exchanging ideas and practice. 01:21:05.840 --> 01:21:11.120 And I believe I have learned so much from coming to places like this 01:21:12.080 --> 01:21:16.400 and I GDASK is one of my favorite cities now having been here five times 01:21:17.120 --> 01:21:23.520 and so and I would really like to thank PIOT for setting up these 01:21:23.760 --> 01:21:24.880 brilliant conferences. 01:21:24.960 --> 01:21:27.520 This, you know, this is the third or fourth and 01:21:28.400 --> 01:21:32.520 allowing us to actually all engage with each other and talk to each other 01:21:32.600 --> 01:21:35.160 and learn about all our own practices. 01:21:35.240 --> 01:21:37.320 Practice in all sorts of different countries. 01:21:37.640 --> 01:21:38.680 Thank you very much. 01:21:41.640 --> 01:21:43.400 Well, thank you very much Janet for this. 01:21:43.480 --> 01:21:45.720 It was indeed the fourth conference in a row. 01:21:46.040 --> 01:21:47.720 We try to organize them yearly. 01:21:47.960 --> 01:21:51.960 We have some plans already for next year but this announcement will come later 01:21:52.600 --> 01:21:55.880 and now because we just killed the coffee break. 01:21:55.960 --> 01:22:01.000 So actually I'd like to start another session right now and after that we will 01:22:01.080 --> 01:22:04.680 make a short break for coffee and then we will continue just in order 01:22:04.760 --> 01:22:06.160 to finish more or less on time. 01:22:06.280 --> 01:22:07.960 Time, maybe with slight delay. 01:22:08.520 --> 01:22:13.160 But without further ado, Let me invite Ms. Magozata Tomczak. 01:22:13.720 --> 01:22:14.840 She is with us today. 01:22:15.560 --> 01:22:19.880 She's the editor in chief of the Architectural 01:22:19.960 --> 01:22:24.680 and Business Architecture Journal, which is the leading Polish journal 01:22:24.760 --> 01:22:27.880 regarding architectural and urban issues. 01:22:28.360 --> 01:22:30.680 So we are very happy to have her with us today. 01:22:31.080 --> 01:22:34.480 Also, what is important, the journal itself is kind of the media 01:22:34.560 --> 01:22:36.120 partner for our all events. 01:22:36.280 --> 01:22:39.760 So you also had a chance to get a few copies, 01:22:39.840 --> 01:22:42.600 which arrived yesterday of the journal. 01:22:43.240 --> 01:22:46.240 But also if you want to get more information, I think Margota later 01:22:46.320 --> 01:22:48.720 on will be available in the lobby. So thank you very much. 01:22:48.800 --> 01:22:50.880 And Margot, floor is yours. 01:22:55.720 --> 01:22:56.360 Thank you. 01:22:59.320 --> 01:23:00.280 Ladies and gentlemen. 01:23:00.360 --> 01:23:04.280 Next session will be mainly held in English. 01:23:05.040 --> 01:23:10.160 Next debate discussion will be mainly in providing Polish. 01:23:10.400 --> 01:23:12.720 So if you need translator, please use it. 01:23:16.800 --> 01:23:22.400 We are mainly dealing with local scale architecture that's crucial for shaping 01:23:22.960 --> 01:23:28.000 coherent and aesthetical and functional urban space. 01:23:28.080 --> 01:23:33.640 Any decisions that are taken on the level of municipalities and cities affect 01:23:33.800 --> 01:23:37.000 the quality of life of inhabitants, cultural legacy 01:23:37.080 --> 01:23:38.520 and sustainable development. 01:23:38.600 --> 01:23:43.840 Local architectural policy should bring together the needs of community together 01:23:43.920 --> 01:23:50.680 with a spatial order, environmental and landscape value. 01:23:50.840 --> 01:23:56.360 And I'm sure that it will leave this session convinced that it's the local 01:23:56.520 --> 01:24:01.360 architectural policy that will lay the basis for its overall 01:24:01.440 --> 01:24:02.920 Polish architectural policy. 01:24:03.320 --> 01:24:09.080 Before we move on to local policy, we'll have three presentations and a debate. 01:24:09.960 --> 01:24:16.200 Now I'll ask Ms. Berta Engelhorn, who represents the Federal 01:24:17.880 --> 01:24:21.400 Ministry of Housing, Arts, Culture and Media, Culture and Sport 01:24:21.800 --> 01:24:23.920 in the Republic of Austria. Before. 01:24:24.000 --> 01:24:27.200 Before that she's been head of the House of Architecture in Graz 01:24:27.520 --> 01:24:30.080 at AFD Architecture Forum in Berlin. 01:24:30.240 --> 01:24:34.240 And she's been a co founder of the Suitcase Architecture Gallery. 01:24:34.480 --> 01:24:36.240 Bertha, the floor is yours. 01:24:36.560 --> 01:24:38.400 Yeah, because it's. 01:24:38.880 --> 01:24:40.640 For me, it's nicer to see you. 01:24:42.400 --> 01:24:46.240 I was asked from Piotr a very precise question. 01:24:50.720 --> 01:24:52.320 Check out how this works. 01:24:54.240 --> 01:24:58.240 The question was what solutions have been introduced to adapt 01:24:58.800 --> 01:25:01.600 cities to climate change in Austria. 01:25:02.400 --> 01:25:08.760 So of course, as I'm living in Vienna, even when I'm not part 01:25:08.840 --> 01:25:11.840 of the municipality, but of the Federal Department, 01:25:13.520 --> 01:25:20.040 Vienna is a very interesting city because they have, I think, 01:25:20.600 --> 01:25:26.840 a really good approach to go along with all these challenges 01:25:26.920 --> 01:25:28.200 that we are facing today. 01:25:29.960 --> 01:25:33.000 And we at the department, we believe Baukotur 01:25:33.480 --> 01:25:37.720 is the solution for everything, because we think this thinking 01:25:37.800 --> 01:25:40.200 of all disciplines together is also. 01:25:41.720 --> 01:25:45.720 We saw now, right now, in the United Kingdom, we have the same. 01:25:47.680 --> 01:25:54.240 I think we all have the same idea of how Balkultur can help us in these days. 01:25:54.920 --> 01:25:58.680 If you want to know more about these strategies of Jena, 01:25:58.760 --> 01:26:03.040 you can see it on the website because I have just 10 minutes and it's 01:26:03.120 --> 01:26:04.640 impossible to explain everything. 01:26:04.720 --> 01:26:08.840 I just grabbed some points of it that I think are 01:26:09.200 --> 01:26:11.080 most important or interesting for. 01:26:11.200 --> 01:26:17.040 For us, the city of Vienna made a kind of roadmap. 01:26:17.120 --> 01:26:20.000 That means they have an idea how 01:26:20.560 --> 01:26:26.640 to adapt the city on a two pillar system 01:26:30.000 --> 01:26:36.720 which tries to attack the causes, the CO2 emissions, 01:26:37.520 --> 01:26:41.520 but on the other hand also reacts to the challenges 01:26:44.160 --> 01:26:46.680 and the goal, the strategy 01:26:46.760 --> 01:26:52.400 and the measures go until the year 2040. 01:26:54.480 --> 01:26:59.960 And to know how to react and what to do, of course you need a monitoring. 01:27:00.040 --> 01:27:05.160 The city has a really precise monitoring of all things. 01:27:05.240 --> 01:27:08.840 You can imagine what happens in the city, what could maybe happen, 01:27:08.920 --> 01:27:10.760 what are the causes. 01:27:11.120 --> 01:27:14.760 And as you can see, they also think all things together. 01:27:15.120 --> 01:27:19.800 That means of course also mobility as well as houses. 01:27:20.320 --> 01:27:24.680 But I have to say that here on the graphic you see more like the. 01:27:24.760 --> 01:27:29.960 The energy consumption and not what we also see the life cycle 01:27:30.760 --> 01:27:32.120 and the gray energy in it. 01:27:32.200 --> 01:27:35.640 So maybe this is a little thing to add to this. 01:27:36.360 --> 01:27:42.280 And as you can see, this is just a graphic that until 2013 the emissions 01:27:42.920 --> 01:27:46.360 were decreasing and after that they are going up again. 01:27:46.440 --> 01:27:51.160 So there's also a need to react, to react and do something again. 01:27:52.040 --> 01:27:56.280 And what the city of Vienna did is they 01:27:56.360 --> 01:28:00.080 invented or they installed a climate 01:28:00.160 --> 01:28:03.520 council that are around 40 people. 01:28:05.360 --> 01:28:09.040 The center is of course the city itself, 01:28:09.680 --> 01:28:12.880 the mayor and the city council. 01:28:13.840 --> 01:28:17.920 And then they have multi level, multicultural, 01:28:18.400 --> 01:28:20.880 interdisciplinary advisory board. 01:28:20.960 --> 01:28:27.240 So to say that is key persons within the city, 01:28:28.360 --> 01:28:33.320 stakeholders and companies that are really relevant as well as 01:28:34.520 --> 01:28:40.680 people from the research, from society, NGO stakeholders, experts, everything. 01:28:41.400 --> 01:28:44.920 It's a broad variety of perspectives that come together 01:28:45.640 --> 01:28:49.360 and think about how to make the city more. 01:28:49.480 --> 01:28:53.480 More climate resilient and how to develop to the future. 01:28:55.000 --> 01:28:58.920 These are the people you can see every age 01:28:59.960 --> 01:29:04.520 and also you see different personalities. 01:29:04.600 --> 01:29:08.280 And that's most important, the exchange and the communication. 01:29:09.560 --> 01:29:12.120 The second thing is 01:29:14.200 --> 01:29:17.560 the tool of installing guidelines. 01:29:18.520 --> 01:29:23.120 And I cannot explain all guidelines. 01:29:23.200 --> 01:29:24.440 I just highlighted some. 01:29:25.080 --> 01:29:30.920 And of course it's also including social and health aspects. 01:29:31.640 --> 01:29:37.080 It's also about climatological knowledge 01:29:37.720 --> 01:29:41.200 and the green and blue infrastructure as 01:29:41.280 --> 01:29:45.680 well as I haven't highlighted that, 01:29:46.000 --> 01:29:49.840 but it's also worth mentioning that they 01:29:49.920 --> 01:29:53.040 also go for quality of architecture 01:29:53.280 --> 01:29:55.040 and they have it in the guidelines. 01:29:55.120 --> 01:30:00.720 So this is also something very important as well as utilize existing sealed areas 01:30:01.040 --> 01:30:06.880 and implement unsealing the recent challenges is really 01:30:07.600 --> 01:30:12.280 the challenges of today really on the. 01:30:12.360 --> 01:30:16.960 On the daily experiences that we have as citizens in. 01:30:17.040 --> 01:30:21.520 In Vienna is we have More heavy rains and flooding. 01:30:21.600 --> 01:30:23.080 This was last autumn. 01:30:23.400 --> 01:30:24.960 I experienced that myself. 01:30:25.040 --> 01:30:30.280 That's a bit scary because Danube tends not to be as high 01:30:30.360 --> 01:30:31.960 as here on the photograph. 01:30:32.920 --> 01:30:39.200 And the other thing is the high temperatures that are already now and also 01:30:39.280 --> 01:30:42.840 in May were already over 30 degrees. 01:30:43.400 --> 01:30:46.200 And you can, with this 01:30:47.160 --> 01:30:53.080 graphic you can discover the inner city, which is, I would say 01:30:53.160 --> 01:30:55.400 the city is a monument itself. 01:30:55.880 --> 01:31:02.840 It's protected buildings and of course they have a material of stone or, 01:31:03.040 --> 01:31:05.600 or heat absorbing materials. 01:31:06.000 --> 01:31:07.520 And it's not easy 01:31:08.800 --> 01:31:13.040 to tackle the climate adaptive challenges 01:31:13.200 --> 01:31:16.560 with this substance because it's protected. 01:31:18.800 --> 01:31:22.640 The numbers are also for the days or 01:31:22.720 --> 01:31:29.680 the nights, the hot days is in 1960-1990 01:31:29.840 --> 01:31:35.600 there were like 9.5 days of overheating. 01:31:36.160 --> 01:31:41.120 And today we have like 22 days of overheating a year. 01:31:41.600 --> 01:31:44.320 And even at night it's not cooling down. 01:31:44.480 --> 01:31:46.280 So we have these tropical nights. 01:31:46.360 --> 01:31:48.560 That sounds nice, but it's not at all. 01:31:48.880 --> 01:31:52.000 It's causing health problems and even death. 01:31:53.920 --> 01:31:58.240 So what the city is doing, it's a kind of first aid kit. 01:31:58.480 --> 01:32:01.960 But you can see here, it's is that they installed more than 01:32:02.840 --> 01:32:07.480 260 spray showers and that are really refreshing and cooling. 01:32:07.560 --> 01:32:11.840 But it's not really helping against this overheating in the city. 01:32:11.920 --> 01:32:16.360 It's just a little fresh air for people that are really in need. 01:32:17.560 --> 01:32:20.440 And they installed more drinking fountains. 01:32:20.920 --> 01:32:24.120 But as I said, it's just the first aid kit. 01:32:24.600 --> 01:32:25.720 We need to have more. 01:32:27.680 --> 01:32:30.640 And what they now try to do is 01:32:31.280 --> 01:32:36.040 to connect the already existing green 01:32:36.120 --> 01:32:40.960 areas to a kind of green network where you can 01:32:41.040 --> 01:32:45.360 in 250 meters distance reach a green 01:32:46.240 --> 01:32:48.560 space as a citizens. 01:32:49.680 --> 01:32:53.840 And to reach that goal, they use 01:32:54.840 --> 01:32:57.080 for instance also the monitoring 01:32:58.280 --> 01:33:04.200 of the existing green, even for possible existing green, even on the green roofs. 01:33:04.680 --> 01:33:10.840 And if you think about the green roofs, it's like in the presentation before, 01:33:11.560 --> 01:33:15.800 sometimes it's more that you think about this as a decoration, but it's not. 01:33:15.880 --> 01:33:19.800 I had a conversation with one of the Overarop engineering team. 01:33:20.120 --> 01:33:25.400 They explained to me that the air conditioned system, the technical part, 01:33:25.480 --> 01:33:27.720 is mostly on top of the roof. 01:33:27.960 --> 01:33:33.320 And if you have a green roof, then you have a decrease of temperature 01:33:33.400 --> 01:33:38.200 of about 5 or 8 gr Celsius. 01:33:38.520 --> 01:33:45.160 So that means that also for the technical devices it means that you decrease 01:33:45.640 --> 01:33:50.360 the energy consumption and even also it has a financial impact. 01:33:51.160 --> 01:33:57.080 So the same is with the heavy rain. 01:33:57.720 --> 01:34:02.040 And they also try to open up the ceilings 01:34:03.400 --> 01:34:07.000 of the pavements or the streets to install 01:34:07.080 --> 01:34:11.960 more trees and overthink this together with a public transport system. 01:34:12.040 --> 01:34:15.280 So if they try to connect through new 01:34:15.360 --> 01:34:19.840 bicycle paths or to new public transport. 01:34:19.920 --> 01:34:24.240 They try also to involve this into the planning for a future 01:34:25.280 --> 01:34:32.080 more green city and removing and reduce the new soil ceiling. 01:34:33.360 --> 01:34:35.280 This is what they want to do. 01:34:35.360 --> 01:34:39.680 They want to have also more bicycle paths. And they are. 01:34:40.480 --> 01:34:41.280 They're really good. 01:34:41.440 --> 01:34:47.280 So the rumor of Vienna is that they are one of the most attractive 01:34:48.080 --> 01:34:54.560 cities for cycles and as you can see, also for the public transport. 01:34:54.640 --> 01:35:00.880 You can use it, if you think all things together, to get more green into the city. 01:35:01.360 --> 01:35:07.400 And that's, I think it's what Bouquet is about, to bring things together, 01:35:07.800 --> 01:35:08.840 to connect it. 01:35:09.400 --> 01:35:14.200 And what we are doing in the Federal Ministry is to 01:35:17.800 --> 01:35:23.560 encourage also the regions that have not that much capacities 01:35:24.360 --> 01:35:30.680 as the city of Vienna to have the processes and to intersect 01:35:30.760 --> 01:35:35.480 and combine different disciplines in planning 01:35:35.880 --> 01:35:39.320 so that they have also a kind of idea 01:35:40.040 --> 01:35:43.320 how to save money and at the same time 01:35:43.640 --> 01:35:50.360 develop their region for the future and for also the adaption to climate change. 01:35:51.720 --> 01:35:54.920 And this is the last slide. 01:35:55.800 --> 01:35:58.760 So as you see, the conclusion is there's 01:35:58.840 --> 01:36:02.800 no single response to the multifarious 01:36:02.880 --> 01:36:04.800 challenges posed by the climate change. 01:36:05.760 --> 01:36:11.200 We need a holistic strategy, we need governance and policy strategies. 01:36:11.920 --> 01:36:16.080 And the interdisciplinary network of a climate 01:36:16.160 --> 01:36:19.920 council might be a good tool for it. 01:36:20.560 --> 01:36:24.560 And everyone should also be encouraged to contribute. 01:36:25.200 --> 01:36:25.720 Thank you. 01:36:35.000 --> 01:36:38.040 Thank you very much for this Vienna perspective. 01:36:38.120 --> 01:36:43.160 And now I would like to invite Mr. Thomas Maida, President of the Society 01:36:43.240 --> 01:36:47.040 of Polish Town Planners, the delegate Poland 01:36:47.120 --> 01:36:51.320 in the European Council of Architects, and a multi annual representative 01:36:51.920 --> 01:36:53.840 of Poland at International Association. 01:36:56.960 --> 01:36:58.080 Hello and welcome. 01:36:59.680 --> 01:37:00.880 Thank you for the invitation. 01:37:01.840 --> 01:37:05.280 I do not have a presentation with me. 01:37:05.360 --> 01:37:10.480 So as Professor Shska mentioned, who introduced the green infrastructure 01:37:11.200 --> 01:37:15.680 term into Polish lexicon, I'll be speaking from the top of my head, 01:37:16.400 --> 01:37:20.880 so there's a great chance I miss half of the things I wanted to say. 01:37:20.960 --> 01:37:22.800 So we'll have more time for coffee break. 01:37:22.960 --> 01:37:27.280 In any case, what I want to speak of today is three 01:37:28.080 --> 01:37:34.560 the dialog, the quality of space and European values, 01:37:36.000 --> 01:37:42.240 which go hand in hand with legal processes. 01:37:46.560 --> 01:37:50.960 Okay, let's leave the legislation aside, but let's start with European values. 01:37:53.120 --> 01:37:57.920 I believe that with this slightly boring 01:37:58.000 --> 01:38:01.280 element, I'll try to differentiate 01:38:03.120 --> 01:38:05.280 my presentation from the previous ones. 01:38:05.600 --> 01:38:11.560 When speaking of European values, we most frequently 01:38:12.360 --> 01:38:16.840 think of various manifestos, the territorial agenda, 01:38:18.040 --> 01:38:22.600 New Bauhaus and other issues. 01:38:23.320 --> 01:38:28.520 But I'd like to reach further, I'd like to go back to Greece 01:38:29.480 --> 01:38:32.120 and use this deeper background, 01:38:36.680 --> 01:38:38.280 share a perspective on the issues 01:38:38.360 --> 01:38:40.200 that we're debating today. 01:38:41.080 --> 01:38:44.360 If we were to consider what 01:38:45.960 --> 01:38:48.520 makes Europe stand out and what 01:38:49.480 --> 01:38:56.120 has driven its development in a different way than the other countries. 01:38:56.840 --> 01:39:00.960 I believe that if we look at Protagoras, who preceded Ukraine, 01:39:01.840 --> 01:39:04.800 who defined the definition of truth, 01:39:07.680 --> 01:39:14.720 truth being an immutable value, 01:39:16.160 --> 01:39:21.440 has allowed us to define a duality in which we still 01:39:21.520 --> 01:39:27.840 operate, which is both the object and subject as two 01:39:28.480 --> 01:39:31.240 independent entities, and has allowed 01:39:31.320 --> 01:39:36.000 to develop science based on this truth. 01:39:39.120 --> 01:39:42.960 This duality of object and subject, 01:39:44.240 --> 01:39:46.480 of objectivity and subjectivity, 01:39:47.280 --> 01:39:53.040 has paved the way for the entire methodology of urban planets 01:39:55.920 --> 01:39:57.920 traditional methods of planning. 01:39:59.680 --> 01:40:05.440 But all this, as it turned out, missed the humane approach. 01:40:05.760 --> 01:40:10.080 This approach, which puts human being 01:40:10.640 --> 01:40:14.160 at the center, emerges from a different 01:40:14.880 --> 01:40:17.840 philosophical concept. 01:40:17.920 --> 01:40:21.000 It was the Sophists who put human at the center. 01:40:21.160 --> 01:40:28.120 And this participatory approach is at least according to the cultural 01:40:28.600 --> 01:40:32.360 premises foreign to the scientific approach. 01:40:32.600 --> 01:40:37.080 It puts human being as an entity that 01:40:38.920 --> 01:40:41.560 defines what they consider 01:40:42.280 --> 01:40:44.200 to be true or not. 01:40:44.680 --> 01:40:46.840 Then there is the Frankfurt school. 01:40:46.920 --> 01:40:53.560 We have the critical theory and eventually we have the communications 01:40:53.960 --> 01:40:56.520 theory by Habermans. Who. 01:40:59.800 --> 01:41:02.360 Affected deeply the methodology of urban 01:41:02.440 --> 01:41:07.160 planners, which are reflected in this 01:41:07.640 --> 01:41:10.120 leading role of participatory approach. 01:41:10.200 --> 01:41:12.160 And this is by all means necessary. 01:41:12.240 --> 01:41:15.120 We need to take into consideration all the stakeholders. 01:41:15.360 --> 01:41:18.640 Janet mentioned that, and we've mentioned that also yesterday, 01:41:18.880 --> 01:41:25.280 that we cannot realize policies that we are planning to realize without that. 01:41:25.360 --> 01:41:27.840 But what do we see happening? 01:41:28.480 --> 01:41:31.120 There is this certain ambiguity 01:41:34.160 --> 01:41:38.160 which has been mentioned as urban memory 01:41:38.800 --> 01:41:40.120 not being taken for granted. 01:41:40.200 --> 01:41:42.640 And the same goes for our values. 01:41:42.880 --> 01:41:44.400 We've talked to Catherine 01:41:45.920 --> 01:41:50.480 about the most recent political elections. 01:41:52.000 --> 01:41:55.360 In the US we know who won. 01:41:55.600 --> 01:41:59.040 In Germany it was a close call. 01:42:00.640 --> 01:42:04.560 And in France the difference is diminishing. 01:42:04.960 --> 01:42:10.360 In Poland we're still not entirely certain who won the elections. 01:42:10.440 --> 01:42:16.280 This difference of 300,000 votes with slight irregularities 01:42:16.360 --> 01:42:22.520 at the electoral committees deprives us of certainty 01:42:23.480 --> 01:42:25.600 regarding the outcome. 01:42:25.680 --> 01:42:30.920 Therefore, we have a growing uncertainty regarding the future manifesto 01:42:31.000 --> 01:42:32.840 that we'll be bringing into practice. 01:42:33.000 --> 01:42:39.360 Frank Dont mentioned two days ago that U.S. vetoed a strategic document 01:42:40.320 --> 01:42:43.360 by United nations titled 01:42:44.640 --> 01:42:47.800 UN Habitats based on the values that are 01:42:47.880 --> 01:42:50.160 not shared by the current US administration. 01:42:50.240 --> 01:42:53.920 They do not believe in sustainable development goals, etc. 01:42:54.240 --> 01:42:58.240 Therefore, we cannot assume that the values 01:43:00.480 --> 01:43:02.880 we are realizing today are also a given. 01:43:03.440 --> 01:43:06.000 Therefore, we need to find a system that 01:43:08.000 --> 01:43:11.080 will allow us to defend this 01:43:11.160 --> 01:43:14.880 objective truth in one way or another. 01:43:16.800 --> 01:43:19.440 I have A quote by Dr. Lazen who 01:43:21.120 --> 01:43:24.840 Science that tries to keep on searching 01:43:25.000 --> 01:43:31.000 surface starts to present sensationalist 01:43:31.400 --> 01:43:33.360 news instead of relevant truth. 01:43:33.440 --> 01:43:37.480 Therefore, there are no more objective achievements. 01:43:37.560 --> 01:43:42.840 It's simply more and more difficult to differentiate true from false. 01:43:42.920 --> 01:43:49.240 And there is and Our civilization seems to be sliding towards supermarket, 01:43:49.320 --> 01:43:52.240 which prevents prevents us from distinguishing important 01:43:52.480 --> 01:43:54.760 things from those that are relevant. 01:43:54.840 --> 01:44:00.240 We keep repeating the mantra about the importance of education. 01:44:01.840 --> 01:44:06.800 And the young generation we see in Poland they've recently had the opportunity 01:44:06.880 --> 01:44:10.640 to cast their votes in the political elections. 01:44:11.440 --> 01:44:16.240 And we see that we might be getting something wrong. 01:44:18.560 --> 01:44:21.760 Indeed, we need to find a manner 01:44:26.160 --> 01:44:26.720 whereby 01:44:28.320 --> 01:44:32.840 the bloggers cease to dictate what's the truth that we 01:44:32.920 --> 01:44:38.000 need to take into consideration in public debate, but to make 01:44:39.360 --> 01:44:41.440 science lead the way again. 01:44:41.520 --> 01:44:43.640 Frank Daunt yesterday pointed out 01:44:46.840 --> 01:44:50.160 it was actually Martin Tablain who noted 01:44:50.240 --> 01:44:54.600 that the rate of change has accelerated 01:44:55.960 --> 01:44:57.960 and that we should absorb them 01:44:58.840 --> 01:45:01.240 without reacting too quickly. 01:45:02.760 --> 01:45:07.640 And I believe this is what bring us back to Heraclitus, 01:45:07.720 --> 01:45:13.640 who and cosmologists who would argue against the Sophists. 01:45:13.880 --> 01:45:17.800 Yesterday we've talked about the shift in the paradigm of planning 01:45:18.600 --> 01:45:23.000 and we've talked about nature based design that took into consideration 01:45:25.480 --> 01:45:27.200 humanist ideas. 01:45:27.280 --> 01:45:31.400 Therefore, we're going back to pre Socratian philosophers. 01:45:32.680 --> 01:45:38.480 Elements in nature such as the Thales, who simply sought objective truth. 01:45:38.640 --> 01:45:42.640 And these two philosophical schools 01:45:43.440 --> 01:45:46.400 from the onset of European civilizations 01:45:47.600 --> 01:45:53.200 have been remaining contradictory. 01:45:53.520 --> 01:45:58.480 Plato intended to bring them together through a concept of ideas. 01:46:00.960 --> 01:46:03.400 Because we do see certainly need an anchor. 01:46:04.040 --> 01:46:05.400 An anchor that would 01:46:07.000 --> 01:46:12.800 make it easier for us to find the right 01:46:12.880 --> 01:46:16.040 path and truth in this volatile world. 01:46:16.200 --> 01:46:19.160 Can architecture policy be an anchor? 01:46:20.920 --> 01:46:25.160 According to Plato, this attempt to 01:46:26.360 --> 01:46:32.640 reconciliate these two contrarian ideas was based on differentiating 01:46:32.800 --> 01:46:35.120 between the idea and the form. 01:46:35.760 --> 01:46:42.480 So the hoarseness is irrelevant or 01:46:43.840 --> 01:46:47.280 independent of the race of the horse. 01:46:47.520 --> 01:46:52.160 Therefore, we can define the hoarseness 01:46:52.720 --> 01:46:54.960 of the architectural policy. 01:46:57.200 --> 01:46:58.640 How do I put it in Polish? 01:46:59.600 --> 01:47:05.680 How do we differentiate hoarseness from donkey ness, for instance? 01:47:07.440 --> 01:47:14.240 So if we mix all the terms and concepts within 01:47:14.320 --> 01:47:18.000 the domain of architectural policy, it makes it difficult 01:47:18.560 --> 01:47:19.920 to understand this policy. 01:47:20.480 --> 01:47:22.680 Please. Really as a whole. 01:47:23.960 --> 01:47:29.080 Yesterday we saw several presentations dedicated to multidisciplinary approach. 01:47:29.160 --> 01:47:31.600 Janet Askew also mentioned this approach today. 01:47:31.680 --> 01:47:36.760 But if our new policies 01:47:37.400 --> 01:47:41.560 incorporate elements from other puzzle sets 01:47:42.680 --> 01:47:45.880 and we want to consult everything locally, 01:47:49.160 --> 01:47:50.200 it may turn out 01:47:51.080 --> 01:47:54.800 that at a certain point it will be difficult to explain to the people the 01:47:54.880 --> 01:47:56.840 difference between one policy and another. 01:47:59.880 --> 01:48:02.720 I do not see the timer anywhere. 01:48:02.800 --> 01:48:03.960 I'm not sure how I'm doing. 01:48:04.040 --> 01:48:12.440 But I wanted to address one more case. 01:48:13.880 --> 01:48:19.920 I was recently facilitating a public debate on local zoning plan 01:48:21.520 --> 01:48:25.120 and it was a monolog more than a debate. 01:48:26.720 --> 01:48:30.800 Because the plan prevented 01:48:34.560 --> 01:48:37.840 building over 90% of the land in question. 01:48:39.200 --> 01:48:43.600 Therefore, I expected a very stark meeting. 01:48:45.400 --> 01:48:49.720 Yet I presented arguments for such a solution. 01:48:49.800 --> 01:48:56.440 And it took me an hour or two to explain physical conditions for this decision. 01:48:56.520 --> 01:49:00.520 And please imagine that people didn't boo me at the end. 01:49:00.760 --> 01:49:02.600 They've actually congratulated me. 01:49:03.400 --> 01:49:04.760 But what did happen? 01:49:04.840 --> 01:49:07.560 Eventually they went home and then 01:49:07.640 --> 01:49:12.720 they've hired very expensive authority. 01:49:12.800 --> 01:49:18.080 Because my truth is more true than yours or it's more than mine. 01:49:18.240 --> 01:49:23.240 And in such a case, an urban or city architect would really 01:49:23.320 --> 01:49:28.240 come in handy because these lawmen scared 01:49:29.360 --> 01:49:32.200 the mayor and not because they didn't 01:49:32.280 --> 01:49:35.400 believe the arguments that I've presented it. 01:49:35.480 --> 01:49:39.160 Because when they we were talking, they were all pretty convinced. 01:49:39.960 --> 01:49:44.200 But the issue is without the ghost. 01:49:44.520 --> 01:49:47.240 The issue lies in the value of community. 01:49:47.400 --> 01:49:49.880 We have it enshrined in our constitution. 01:49:49.960 --> 01:50:02.520 But this value of community in 01:50:03.000 --> 01:50:06.600 countries such as Germany is quite strong. 01:50:07.400 --> 01:50:11.880 Is not that valued here in Poland. 01:50:25.160 --> 01:50:30.440 Architectural policy on local and here I agree with with Senator Sepioa 01:50:30.520 --> 01:50:31.680 has a huge potential. 01:50:32.720 --> 01:50:37.520 Yet as far as I understand his yesterday's statement, 01:50:38.160 --> 01:50:42.040 I'd be inclined to think that it should 01:50:42.120 --> 01:50:46.560 not be a sectoral approach 01:50:47.600 --> 01:50:50.640 that is separate from other policies. 01:50:50.720 --> 01:50:55.760 For the reasons I've just mentioned, we are incapable of selling, 01:50:55.840 --> 01:51:00.960 quote unquote similar solutions that go accompanied by others 01:51:02.640 --> 01:51:03.840 solutions or methods. 01:51:03.920 --> 01:51:08.400 Our legislative system has been 01:51:10.240 --> 01:51:12.400 disintegrated, so to say. 01:51:13.200 --> 01:51:16.400 The resilience plan 01:51:17.840 --> 01:51:20.920 states that we will be spending money for 01:51:21.000 --> 01:51:23.560 development separately from protection. 01:51:24.280 --> 01:51:31.000 And these first elements have already been put in place. 01:51:31.080 --> 01:51:36.040 All the spatial policies are already enshrined in developmental 01:51:36.120 --> 01:51:39.720 policies, not protective option yet 01:51:41.640 --> 01:51:43.480 especially this most recent 01:51:44.680 --> 01:51:50.040 document on general land use plans does not mention cultural values. 01:51:50.120 --> 01:51:53.640 Architectural policy at this point could 01:51:55.000 --> 01:51:59.080 in theory fill this gap in a way 01:52:01.000 --> 01:52:06.840 and I allow for a certain continuity of this sectoral approach. 01:52:06.920 --> 01:52:12.920 Yet I would prefer a fully integrated approach that brings together 01:52:13.000 --> 01:52:16.040 both the macro and micro scales. 01:52:19.320 --> 01:52:19.560 I. 01:52:23.480 --> 01:52:29.320 Thank you very much for this contribution and for darkness of where we are in terms 01:52:29.400 --> 01:52:31.600 of values and the culture of building in Poland. 01:52:31.680 --> 01:52:37.720 Now I'd like to invite Mr. Kabil Kowalski, an expert on universal design 01:52:37.960 --> 01:52:43.000 and architectural accessibility, co creator of Accessibility Forum, 01:52:43.080 --> 01:52:47.200 the biggest event in Poland on universal design. 01:52:47.600 --> 01:52:49.520 Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. 01:52:50.240 --> 01:52:55.480 This is not a coincidence that this slide is the first one I'm showing because I 01:52:55.560 --> 01:53:02.000 wanted us to talk about comfort, the palms as the sense of the beach, 01:53:02.320 --> 01:53:04.040 sun, warm sand under feet. 01:53:04.120 --> 01:53:05.840 And we'll get there, but we'll get there. 01:53:05.920 --> 01:53:10.320 Towards the end of the presentation, this photo is not sun because 01:53:11.040 --> 01:53:12.800 I'm going to talk about a city. 01:53:13.040 --> 01:53:16.360 City that I will be talking about. 01:53:16.440 --> 01:53:18.960 You might have recognized the city. 01:53:19.040 --> 01:53:21.160 I will try to tell you a few words about that. 01:53:21.240 --> 01:53:26.720 And this way you also learn what kind of space it is and why 01:53:27.360 --> 01:53:29.680 it found its way to the first slide. 01:53:31.120 --> 01:53:34.480 Thinking about the policy of building a severity in the city, 01:53:34.800 --> 01:53:36.600 two things come to my mind immediately. 01:53:36.680 --> 01:53:38.720 First of all, a certain number 30%. 01:53:38.920 --> 01:53:44.240 30% is a number that different estimates 01:53:45.440 --> 01:53:47.840 tells us how many people at a given moment 01:53:48.400 --> 01:53:53.760 have certain limitations that can stem from their disabilities or 01:53:53.920 --> 01:53:57.760 from their age, or from the fact that we are not 01:53:58.800 --> 01:54:04.480 well ordered to suffered an injury or that we might be in a given space 01:54:04.560 --> 01:54:08.080 and our children that make it a bit harder to move about the space. 01:54:08.160 --> 01:54:11.040 So it is not a small number, particularly if we add 01:54:12.000 --> 01:54:13.920 to it the people accompanying us. 01:54:14.000 --> 01:54:18.720 Then we can reach a high percentage of people who at a given moment might be 01:54:18.800 --> 01:54:22.880 in need of increased accessibility and might need different solutions at all. 01:54:22.960 --> 01:54:25.720 Make it easier for us to operate in space and. 01:54:27.760 --> 01:54:31.320 But I'm also thinking about this accessibility as something that has 01:54:31.400 --> 01:54:33.520 to be built at many different levels. 01:54:33.600 --> 01:54:36.640 And I will try to tell you about these levels today. 01:54:37.760 --> 01:54:40.720 The first level is rather straightforward 01:54:41.200 --> 01:54:45.320 and it is something that makes us 01:54:45.400 --> 01:54:47.000 think about accessibility in space. 01:54:47.080 --> 01:54:49.120 This is what comes to my mind first. 01:54:49.200 --> 01:54:50.480 These are simple solutions. 01:54:50.560 --> 01:54:56.080 For example, lowering the curbs or building platforms or slopes, 01:54:56.160 --> 01:54:59.240 or installing tomato lifts doors and so on. 01:54:59.320 --> 01:55:05.200 And taking care of certain widths so as to be able to move 01:55:05.280 --> 01:55:06.360 about in the public space. 01:55:06.440 --> 01:55:12.320 And this kind of thinking makes us focus only on persons with physical 01:55:12.400 --> 01:55:16.760 disabilities, those that are wheelchair boundaries. 01:55:17.960 --> 01:55:21.560 And this is how the thinking about accessibility started in the world. 01:55:22.200 --> 01:55:28.680 It found its way to first provisions like in Poland 1994 in Construction Law Act. 01:55:28.920 --> 01:55:32.920 It was the first time that it was mentioned that public utility buildings 01:55:33.000 --> 01:55:38.200 need to be built in such a way so they are accessible to persons using witches. 01:55:38.280 --> 01:55:41.480 But this quickly proves to be insufficient. 01:55:41.560 --> 01:55:45.320 Not only do we have have issues about moving about, we might actually have 01:55:45.800 --> 01:55:47.720 might be might be vision impaired. 01:55:48.040 --> 01:55:54.600 So those that are blind or have some other eyesight related impairments might need 01:55:54.680 --> 01:55:56.760 some other solutions to be able to move about the space. 01:55:56.840 --> 01:55:59.240 And this slide shows you a few examples. 01:55:59.720 --> 01:56:02.800 So translating contemporary art into a tactile form. 01:56:02.880 --> 01:56:07.320 This is a photo that I took long ago at the Pompidou Center. 01:56:07.640 --> 01:56:11.840 In the middle you can see ceramics from Alhambra, 01:56:11.920 --> 01:56:14.400 Spain that also make it possible 01:56:15.680 --> 01:56:20.400 for the blind to see wither touch 01:56:20.480 --> 01:56:22.880 on the right hand side, that's Milan. 01:56:22.960 --> 01:56:29.200 And the solutions make that easy to find way in the exhibition fair hall 01:56:29.760 --> 01:56:30.760 pretty quickly. 01:56:30.840 --> 01:56:33.680 It will prove that it is not just about 01:56:34.920 --> 01:56:39.000 the blind, but also about deaf people who 01:56:39.800 --> 01:56:41.400 might have certain limitations. 01:56:42.440 --> 01:56:46.760 Also those who have certain limitations owing to their mental 01:56:46.840 --> 01:56:48.120 status or to their age. 01:56:48.200 --> 01:56:52.600 Children understand space differently than old age pensioners. 01:56:53.720 --> 01:56:56.840 Aging also means certain issues about processing information. 01:56:56.920 --> 01:56:59.560 So we've got a number of issues that need to be addressed. 01:57:00.760 --> 01:57:05.000 So quickly it will become obvious that we cannot resolve all these issues without 01:57:05.320 --> 01:57:09.000 creating certain standards that we will later on rely on. 01:57:09.480 --> 01:57:13.880 And in the world multiple standards of that kind have been used. 01:57:15.880 --> 01:57:19.240 Standards for accessible design, for example, can be mentioned here. 01:57:19.320 --> 01:57:24.040 DIN norms from Germany that in certain acts also talk about accessibility, 01:57:24.120 --> 01:57:29.000 or British standards standard that again incorporates documents focusing 01:57:29.080 --> 01:57:31.000 on the accessibility of architecture. 01:57:31.080 --> 01:57:37.080 In Poland, we are at the stage in which we are very much into creating standards, 01:57:37.160 --> 01:57:39.400 so we've generated quite a lot of those. 01:57:40.120 --> 01:57:44.040 There are those concerning wars, so the capital city, There are those four, 01:57:44.120 --> 01:57:47.680 the city of Gdansk, that you can see displayed here in Gdansk. 01:57:47.760 --> 01:57:51.360 Actually any biggest city in Poland has its own city standards. 01:57:51.520 --> 01:57:55.600 There are also standards concerning all kinds of financing projects, 01:57:55.680 --> 01:57:59.760 financing the changes in architecture, standards of accessibility for outpatient 01:57:59.840 --> 01:58:03.160 clinics, for sporting facilities, and so on and so forth. 01:58:03.240 --> 01:58:04.880 Want b say? Wonderful. 01:58:05.120 --> 01:58:10.000 But the issue arises once a building has been erected, say in war zone. 01:58:10.880 --> 01:58:15.000 But we cannot put the same building in PON because it will not meet 01:58:15.080 --> 01:58:16.240 the POZIN standards. 01:58:18.000 --> 01:58:24.480 These standards differ and what follows is varying decisions concerning certain 01:58:24.560 --> 01:58:28.960 parameters that we decided to go for locally. 01:58:29.120 --> 01:58:35.280 A similar issue can be also discussed on a European scale. 01:58:37.840 --> 01:58:41.120 Some time ago an attempt was made to create a single uniform 01:58:41.200 --> 01:58:43.600 standard for the entire Europe. 01:58:43.680 --> 01:58:48.360 But it failed owing to different local decisions and lack of consent as 01:58:48.440 --> 01:58:51.200 to certain parameters that the standard stipulated. 01:58:53.280 --> 01:58:59.600 I hope that one day we will arrive at such a uniform standard and that it will make 01:59:00.320 --> 01:59:02.720 designers and architects lives easier. 01:59:04.320 --> 01:59:09.520 This example shows that accessibility cannot always boiled down to 01:59:09.600 --> 01:59:13.560 parameters and it is not a goal in itself. 01:59:13.640 --> 01:59:16.400 When we think that we can create accessible building, when you can 01:59:16.480 --> 01:59:17.960 get to one, you can move about. 01:59:19.160 --> 01:59:22.600 But this building will be made in such a way that we do not feel like being 01:59:22.680 --> 01:59:26.120 inside, or we do not feel like returning to it, 01:59:26.200 --> 01:59:31.160 or its function doesn't match our needs, then this accessibility is pointless. 01:59:31.960 --> 01:59:36.240 Therefore, I would like us to step back in time and remind ourselves 01:59:36.320 --> 01:59:38.600 an idea that it all started from. 01:59:38.680 --> 01:59:45.080 I'm thinking about Ronald Mace and this idea of universal design. 01:59:45.880 --> 01:59:47.760 It sounds great in this basic slogan. 01:59:47.840 --> 01:59:52.320 So universal design is designing products and environment in such a way that they 01:59:52.400 --> 01:59:56.720 are usable to all to the highest possible degree, 01:59:56.800 --> 02:00:00.000 without the need to adapt or design in any special way. 02:00:01.920 --> 02:00:07.160 The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities also quote these words. 02:00:07.240 --> 02:00:11.960 But for me, universal design is a huge Lesson of how to be humble. 02:00:12.040 --> 02:00:18.760 First of all, Mace never mentioned that he was the father of universal design 02:00:18.840 --> 02:00:20.280 and seven points governing it. 02:00:20.360 --> 02:00:24.400 But he said that he elaborated on this idea because actually those seven 02:00:25.120 --> 02:00:30.360 ideas, items that form the basis of universal design and all the materials 02:00:30.440 --> 02:00:34.480 that were prepared by Mace's team, actually drew from several 02:00:35.040 --> 02:00:40.800 decades of experience in design, scientific studies, the field of economy. 02:00:40.880 --> 02:00:46.240 And what they did was simply draw from this entire knowledge 02:00:46.320 --> 02:00:47.760 to formulate those seven rules. 02:00:47.840 --> 02:00:49.800 Mace also said that universal design was 02:00:49.880 --> 02:00:56.480 not the only criterion that make it 02:00:56.560 --> 02:00:58.880 possible for us to build a building. 02:00:58.960 --> 02:01:04.400 What also matters is economy, technological factors. 02:01:04.640 --> 02:01:07.440 Today we would add ecology or caring for climate. 02:01:07.520 --> 02:01:11.120 Back then, these issues were not of concern that much. 02:01:11.600 --> 02:01:16.400 Mace also, in the rules of universal design, made it clear that the seven rules 02:01:16.480 --> 02:01:21.560 for universal universal design were not a guarantee that a good project 02:01:22.120 --> 02:01:24.600 would result from abiding by them. 02:01:24.680 --> 02:01:29.080 That was just one part of creating good architecture and good products. 02:01:29.160 --> 02:01:30.680 What we need is knowledge. 02:01:30.760 --> 02:01:35.440 We need experts who know how to design in order to create spaces 02:01:35.520 --> 02:01:38.760 and objects that are usable to all. 02:01:39.480 --> 02:01:46.360 We also created a new context benefiting from our architectural 02:01:46.440 --> 02:01:48.640 knowledge, knowledge of ergonomics. 02:01:48.720 --> 02:01:53.000 Before Mace, we knew that in order to create for people, 02:01:53.160 --> 02:01:57.480 we should aim at some kind of average target group, those who are relatively 02:01:57.880 --> 02:02:00.000 young and fit, and so on. 02:02:00.080 --> 02:02:01.520 But Mace gave us a new context. 02:02:01.600 --> 02:02:06.080 He said, hello, we are different, we are of different age. 02:02:06.160 --> 02:02:10.360 Somebody is thin, somebody is not, somebody's a child, somebody is 02:02:10.440 --> 02:02:12.760 an elderly citizen, and so on. 02:02:12.840 --> 02:02:15.960 And we have varying degrees of fitness. 02:02:16.680 --> 02:02:21.240 So that gave us this necessary stimulus for changes to 02:02:22.440 --> 02:02:25.640 introduce the changes that we've been introducing ever since. 02:02:26.440 --> 02:02:29.360 And this is the response to the opening slide. 02:02:29.440 --> 02:02:31.160 I'm not sure whether you knew this city. 02:02:31.640 --> 02:02:32.680 That's Valencia. 02:02:34.640 --> 02:02:37.360 And I would like to use Valencia as an example to show you 02:02:37.760 --> 02:02:42.160 how at a completely different level, we can consider accessibility. 02:02:42.880 --> 02:02:48.840 We can think about it so as to use it to improve the comfort of living and also 02:02:48.920 --> 02:02:55.440 change people's ways and their habits and actually improve the quality of life 02:02:55.520 --> 02:03:02.320 and enhance the expected life expectancy. Valencia. 02:03:02.400 --> 02:03:04.520 That's one side I'm going to show another one in a moment. 02:03:04.600 --> 02:03:09.920 Valencia has been flooded multiple times by the Turia River. 02:03:10.800 --> 02:03:16.800 One big flood happened in 1957, and this is around 75% 02:03:17.680 --> 02:03:20.800 of the industrial spaces were destroyed. 02:03:21.600 --> 02:03:24.720 Some several thousands of houses were destroyed. 02:03:24.800 --> 02:03:26.160 Also many people, people lost their lives. 02:03:26.240 --> 02:03:28.440 A decision was made to move the river. 02:03:28.520 --> 02:03:33.400 So it was taken from the center and moved 02:03:34.040 --> 02:03:38.360 to the outer outside the city simply. 02:03:38.600 --> 02:03:44.840 And what was left was used to create pedestrian passages, cycling paths 02:03:45.800 --> 02:03:49.800 in the Former riverbed and a number of recreation spaces were created 02:03:49.880 --> 02:03:51.920 that made the city function differently. 02:03:52.000 --> 02:03:57.960 So not necessarily do you need to drive your car, you can use a bicycle instead. 02:03:58.360 --> 02:04:01.160 So that changes the way people move about this space. 02:04:02.520 --> 02:04:08.200 Of course, this space is crowned with spectacular 02:04:08.280 --> 02:04:10.640 architecture by Santiago de Calatrava. 02:04:10.720 --> 02:04:12.360 But this is not what I would like to tell you about. 02:04:12.440 --> 02:04:14.920 I would like to draw attention instead to what you can see 02:04:15.000 --> 02:04:16.080 to the left at the bottom. 02:04:16.160 --> 02:04:19.240 This is the playground that was created in this space. 02:04:19.400 --> 02:04:21.640 It has the form of a huge Gulliver. 02:04:21.960 --> 02:04:25.640 Children climb up his hands and the. Ropes. 02:04:27.560 --> 02:04:28.840 Mounting it to the ground. 02:04:29.000 --> 02:04:34.680 Instead of the slides, they would use Gulliver's hair to get down and so on. 02:04:34.840 --> 02:04:38.680 So this playground does something really crucial. 02:04:39.160 --> 02:04:44.720 It changes a parent from an observer that the parent normally is 02:04:44.800 --> 02:04:46.000 into the participant. 02:04:46.080 --> 02:04:52.000 If the play people want to play there with their children, so they participate 02:04:52.080 --> 02:04:57.560 in playing, reading, bonds with the child. 02:04:58.440 --> 02:05:00.960 Well, I used to play them myself, so I know how it works. 02:05:01.040 --> 02:05:04.440 I know how many parents actually share the joy of playing with their children there. 02:05:05.320 --> 02:05:08.040 I would also like to share another example with you. 02:05:08.120 --> 02:05:10.120 We've already talked about Barcelona. 02:05:10.920 --> 02:05:15.080 In Barcelona, a lot has changed. 02:05:16.840 --> 02:05:19.400 These changes gave the space back to the people. 02:05:20.440 --> 02:05:23.040 The space that was taken away from the car users. 02:05:23.120 --> 02:05:27.960 This is an investment that might not be so well known, but it does the job. 02:05:28.360 --> 02:05:32.280 This is the section of the underground 02:05:33.440 --> 02:05:37.280 it used to pass 02:05:39.520 --> 02:05:42.360 overpass and that caused a lot of noise. 02:05:42.440 --> 02:05:44.800 It's called Jardin de la Rambla. 02:05:44.880 --> 02:05:49.680 So it was decided to hide the underground station underneath 02:05:49.760 --> 02:05:51.520 and to build a park on top. 02:05:51.760 --> 02:05:56.880 I'm not sure that is the only station or the only I know at least where. 02:05:57.280 --> 02:05:59.400 It doesn't matter so much what's underground ground. 02:06:01.240 --> 02:06:02.680 What does matter though? 02:06:02.760 --> 02:06:04.320 It's what's on the surface. 02:06:04.400 --> 02:06:07.640 And this is architecture that, as opposed to Calatrava's architecture 02:06:07.720 --> 02:06:09.560 that I showed you a moment ago. 02:06:10.360 --> 02:06:15.560 Maybe it's not spectacular in terms of its visual form, but what 02:06:16.200 --> 02:06:18.520 is spectacular is the change it causes. 02:06:18.760 --> 02:06:23.840 The change it causes in the human behavior and what happens around it. 02:06:23.920 --> 02:06:26.360 So it's certainly improves the acoustic comfort. 02:06:27.080 --> 02:06:29.120 People start using the space differently. 02:06:29.200 --> 02:06:35.000 They do not go underground, but they're encouraged to move about using 02:06:38.280 --> 02:06:42.360 bicycles and also simply walking, much like in Valencia. 02:06:43.640 --> 02:06:49.240 This appears to be something that is one of very important aspects of designing 02:06:49.320 --> 02:06:50.840 and designing arches architecture. 02:06:50.920 --> 02:06:57.680 Designing is the superpower that can change how humans function. 02:06:57.760 --> 02:07:03.640 People can enjoy a more comfortable life, a longer life, and they can change their 02:07:03.720 --> 02:07:07.240 habits if there were, but not optimal. 02:07:07.320 --> 02:07:10.000 So you can use this superpower benefit from it. 02:07:10.080 --> 02:07:11.880 But this is not the only level. 02:07:11.960 --> 02:07:18.680 All these levels that I pointed at matter in building good spaces. 02:07:18.760 --> 02:07:23.920 So we need to think about this large scale scale of changing people's habits 02:07:24.000 --> 02:07:27.520 and certain prevention making it possible to avoid 02:07:29.120 --> 02:07:34.080 disability or at least postponing the moment in our lives where we suffer 02:07:34.160 --> 02:07:35.920 from certain kinds of disability. 02:07:36.000 --> 02:07:39.120 We need to think in terms of standards, norms and we need to appreciate 02:07:39.200 --> 02:07:40.200 the fact that we are different. 02:07:40.280 --> 02:07:43.480 Without this will not be able to create good spaces. 02:07:43.560 --> 02:07:45.240 And we need to focus on the details. 02:07:45.320 --> 02:07:50.480 There is a great project in Warsaw to remove those minor barriers. 02:07:50.640 --> 02:07:55.040 In Warsaw there is a certain budget earmarked for eradicating 02:07:55.120 --> 02:07:56.000 some small barriers. 02:07:56.080 --> 02:08:01.480 There is an application and a phone number so the city dwellers can simply mark 02:08:01.560 --> 02:08:08.280 certain spots in the application where they spotted some 02:08:08.360 --> 02:08:09.840 issues in the city. 02:08:09.920 --> 02:08:14.200 And the city has this budget for eradicating these obstacles. 02:08:14.280 --> 02:08:16.840 They might not be spectacular, but they are important and they 02:08:16.920 --> 02:08:18.680 constitute part of the entire system. 02:08:19.320 --> 02:08:21.960 And I guess this is all from me. 02:08:22.920 --> 02:08:25.920 Let me just invite you to the integrazia. 02:08:26.000 --> 02:08:32.200 org vladnik website where you'll find our publication of Waniko, 02:08:32.280 --> 02:08:36.280 which tells us about, including, about designing, including. 02:08:37.400 --> 02:08:39.920 The publication is available both in Polish and English. 02:08:40.000 --> 02:08:43.160 You can download it in the PDF format. 02:08:43.240 --> 02:08:47.000 Thank you very much and I wish you a pleasant day. 02:08:48.360 --> 02:08:49.320 Thank you very much. 02:08:49.400 --> 02:08:51.920 And with that we'll be moving on to the debate. 02:08:52.000 --> 02:08:56.200 And please allow me to invite Ms. Natalia Balzeze, 02:08:56.440 --> 02:09:01.360 the head of the association of Polish Architects from the GDASK branch 02:09:01.440 --> 02:09:04.040 and the Mercury Main Architects are MBA architects. 02:09:05.080 --> 02:09:08.840 Also Michael Dominic, urban planner, architect, 02:09:08.920 --> 02:09:14.680 specializes in the history of building codes and construction 02:09:15.640 --> 02:09:21.160 law and architect, city architect of ZGES and the 02:09:25.080 --> 02:09:31.120 curator of Monuments Historical sites in Woodsch and the holder 02:09:31.200 --> 02:09:32.920 of Fulbright scholarships. 02:09:33.080 --> 02:09:34.960 Now he's currently responsible for 02:09:37.240 --> 02:09:40.520 developing the Special Forces Air base 02:09:40.960 --> 02:09:42.280 at the GROM unit. 02:09:43.240 --> 02:09:44.760 Piotr Lewiski, the 02:09:45.480 --> 02:09:52.040 partner at Lewiski Watak Architects Poland and a recipient of Ministry of Culture 02:09:52.120 --> 02:09:56.840 award this year and the honorary awards of the Polish Architects Association. 02:09:57.080 --> 02:10:02.960 Michael Wieczak, the Vice mayor of City of Wroclaw Margusata Peters, 02:10:03.040 --> 02:10:05.880 the head of Department of Esthetics of Public Space, 02:10:05.960 --> 02:10:09.240 Ministry of Culture and Cesar Reyes Najera, 02:10:09.400 --> 02:10:12.600 the postdoctoral research on urban regeneration at the University 02:10:12.680 --> 02:10:16.240 of Luxembourg, which is part of the interdisciplinary 02:10:16.320 --> 02:10:21.560 initiatives of Culture of Assembly, which analyzes democratic space shaping 02:10:21.640 --> 02:10:23.640 through democratic spatial policies. 02:10:23.720 --> 02:10:28.040 And please let me have a look at my watch 02:10:28.120 --> 02:10:31.000 so we do not overextend the session. 02:10:31.080 --> 02:10:34.960 And let's start with the representative of the Ministry. 02:10:37.560 --> 02:10:40.560 What how does Ministry see the role 02:10:40.640 --> 02:10:45.000 of the State in Supporting locals and governments in shaping the local. 02:10:45.080 --> 02:10:50.760 Local architectural policies which reconciliate both the contemporary needs 02:10:50.840 --> 02:10:53.240 of city development and the historical legacy. 02:10:58.920 --> 02:10:59.720 Can you hear me? 02:11:02.280 --> 02:11:02.840 Perfect. 02:11:09.320 --> 02:11:12.200 It would be easiest to say that Ministry 02:11:12.360 --> 02:11:16.480 should develop law, law and law, 02:11:16.880 --> 02:11:20.320 but this is not that easy, because 02:11:21.120 --> 02:11:24.160 enforcing the law and the stakeholders 02:11:24.240 --> 02:11:27.920 that are subject to it will not guarantee an implementation of such policy. 02:11:28.080 --> 02:11:32.000 Therefore, education should play an important role. 02:11:33.280 --> 02:11:38.400 A lot has been said about this matter both today, previous days. 02:11:38.640 --> 02:11:44.720 Okay, so how do you see, see the tools for shaping cultural policy, 02:11:46.000 --> 02:11:51.080 that the architecture is not just a response to the pressure over the local 02:11:51.160 --> 02:11:55.400 market, but also is a carrier for cultural legacy. 02:11:55.480 --> 02:12:00.640 It's a very broad subject, but maybe you could develop on that. 02:12:00.720 --> 02:12:06.240 And also about the commitment of the Ministry of Culture in the process, 02:12:06.320 --> 02:12:09.440 we'll take into consideration our powers. 02:12:09.520 --> 02:12:16.520 We could offer various programs, and the Ministry of Culture already has 02:12:16.680 --> 02:12:22.200 certain programs available that maybe do not focus this much on 02:12:23.560 --> 02:12:29.400 urban planning and architecture, but this is probably something we could consider. 02:12:30.440 --> 02:12:32.280 Could you name some programs where. 02:12:32.600 --> 02:12:36.320 They are all available at the Ministry website, but the one that would be 02:12:36.400 --> 02:12:41.160 dedicated to architectural policy is yet to be developed. 02:12:43.720 --> 02:12:46.800 Okay, Natalia, a question to you. 02:12:46.880 --> 02:12:51.000 What are the initiatives taken by the association of Polish Architects 02:12:51.240 --> 02:12:57.400 to support local policies in creating coherent local architectural policies 02:12:57.480 --> 02:13:03.400 which bring together perfectionism and civil participation? 02:13:04.680 --> 02:13:11.240 Well, as for our association that has 22 branch offices, each of 02:13:12.360 --> 02:13:16.080 whom has separate activities and shapes 02:13:16.160 --> 02:13:19.640 their own policies independently, 02:13:21.240 --> 02:13:23.320 I can speak only for the 02:13:25.520 --> 02:13:28.400 northern branch and the main office, 02:13:28.960 --> 02:13:36.640 where I've been part of the internal 02:13:37.960 --> 02:13:39.520 elements of our organization. 02:13:39.760 --> 02:13:46.720 Well, speaking of the organization itself, what we do is support 02:13:47.200 --> 02:13:51.200 architectural creation in collaboration with local SO governments. 02:13:51.280 --> 02:13:57.040 As an association, we focus mainly on organizing architectural competitions. 02:13:57.600 --> 02:14:04.320 And locally it's only a handful of such competitions that we do. 02:14:04.400 --> 02:14:08.240 But fortunately our other branch 02:14:08.320 --> 02:14:11.520 offices are more active in this regard. 02:14:11.920 --> 02:14:16.000 And we as our office collaborate with locals of government. 02:14:16.720 --> 02:14:21.040 And we co create both urban 02:14:22.160 --> 02:14:24.800 municipal architectural and urban planning 02:14:24.880 --> 02:14:28.720 committees and the voivodeship level committee. 02:14:29.200 --> 02:14:32.480 And we also collaborate with the self governance of students, 02:14:33.680 --> 02:14:35.120 self government of our industry. 02:14:35.360 --> 02:14:42.320 And I see the head of our local architectural chamber 02:14:42.480 --> 02:14:44.400 here in the audience. So a wave of hand. 02:14:44.480 --> 02:14:48.640 So to confirm that such a body exists and is alive and kicking, 02:14:48.800 --> 02:14:54.560 we also have Karolina Mazorkiewicz with us from the association of Polish Architects. 02:14:54.640 --> 02:14:56.560 And this collaboration is a fact. 02:14:56.640 --> 02:15:01.560 We meet, we exchange thoughts and ideas, and in our professional milie we 02:15:01.640 --> 02:15:05.280 collaborate with city authority. 02:15:05.760 --> 02:15:10.760 We've recently started the second term of Gneiss Council of Architecture. 02:15:10.840 --> 02:15:17.680 And Madame Meyer has given me the privilege to be the head of this body. 02:15:17.840 --> 02:15:20.680 So we see this collaboration functioning. 02:15:20.760 --> 02:15:26.000 Our association also offers patronage for local initiatives such as the best 02:15:26.080 --> 02:15:32.160 architectural project in gdask, the best public space for Melanie and Forwardship, 02:15:32.240 --> 02:15:35.960 and also competition in gdynia. 02:15:36.600 --> 02:15:41.320 So there are plenty of initiatives, but sadly I must conclude 02:15:41.400 --> 02:15:47.480 that they leave a certain deficit. 02:15:48.280 --> 02:15:50.440 There's still room for improvement. 02:15:50.840 --> 02:15:55.720 Okay, and how can you contribute to shaping standards for architecture 02:15:55.800 --> 02:15:57.960 in the context of contemporary challenges? 02:15:59.160 --> 02:16:05.760 Our association needs to play a leading role and there is still plenty 02:16:05.840 --> 02:16:07.320 of things that can be done. 02:16:07.880 --> 02:16:13.240 But developing joint initiatives and 02:16:14.360 --> 02:16:19.240 offering opinions on local strategies and land use plans, 02:16:19.320 --> 02:16:23.760 this is where we can contribute greatly. 02:16:23.840 --> 02:16:26.320 Or also we collaborate with international 02:16:27.840 --> 02:16:30.960 ACE organizations of the U. 02:16:32.960 --> 02:16:38.360 IA So there are plenty of fields where our 02:16:38.440 --> 02:16:43.280 organization could initiate activities. 02:16:48.560 --> 02:16:54.720 And as my predecessor, and as mentioned, we need to focus on educating 02:16:56.640 --> 02:17:00.000 people as young as possible so we can 02:17:02.400 --> 02:17:05.680 promote urban planning and architecture 02:17:09.600 --> 02:17:11.680 children. And this is something we do. 02:17:12.160 --> 02:17:15.200 My colleague from Austin does. Exactly. 02:17:15.760 --> 02:17:19.840 So we're promoting at a very young age these values of architecture, 02:17:19.920 --> 02:17:24.800 urban planning, but in our case the northern branch. 02:17:25.120 --> 02:17:30.400 We are in a bit of a peculiar situation. 02:17:30.800 --> 02:17:36.400 We need to get things straight with our head office. 02:17:36.560 --> 02:17:41.760 And this is a bit of a tension that is generated 02:17:42.720 --> 02:17:45.720 in our relationship with the local administration, but we're 02:17:45.800 --> 02:17:47.720 working on that also. 02:17:48.120 --> 02:17:49.360 Architectural competitions, 02:17:49.440 --> 02:17:55.240 is this something we can use as a tool? 02:17:59.800 --> 02:18:05.200 On the one hand, gives the local authorities the opportunity to use 02:18:05.280 --> 02:18:08.520 the best solution for managing land. 02:18:08.600 --> 02:18:13.280 While we, the architects, can guarantee transparency of the process, 02:18:13.680 --> 02:18:18.120 openness of the process and the proper terms conditions. 02:18:19.280 --> 02:18:22.800 We can also promote the role 02:18:25.040 --> 02:18:28.880 and the position of the city architect. 02:18:29.360 --> 02:18:34.560 Recently we've managed to convince the current sitting president of the Gela 02:18:34.640 --> 02:18:37.080 Natural City to establish such a position. 02:18:37.240 --> 02:18:43.080 And the competition is open until the 17th of June and anyone can 02:18:44.200 --> 02:18:48.760 present their candidacy if they'd like to move to Jalanagura. 02:18:48.840 --> 02:18:52.440 But there are also cities in Poland where this. 02:18:54.680 --> 02:18:58.360 Where the president openly declared that he'll never have 02:18:59.640 --> 02:19:01.520 such an office established. 02:19:02.000 --> 02:19:07.600 And we as the association keep lobbying to change this mindset. 02:19:07.680 --> 02:19:11.520 We want to show that City Architect is something we dearly need. 02:19:11.600 --> 02:19:16.280 And GDASK is very lucky to have Pier Lorenz as a city architect. 02:19:16.360 --> 02:19:20.880 And the collaboration of our association with this 02:19:21.520 --> 02:19:25.280 City Architect also is something we have in place. 02:19:26.480 --> 02:19:30.640 And City Architect is also a nexus 02:19:32.160 --> 02:19:35.120 for creating a decent, 02:19:36.320 --> 02:19:40.800 high quality urban policies. 02:19:41.200 --> 02:19:42.800 A question to Mr. Domic. 02:19:44.080 --> 02:19:48.560 How can architects contribute to the processes of decision making 02:19:52.240 --> 02:19:53.120 so that they do not. 02:19:53.280 --> 02:19:58.080 These processes do not contribute to spatial chaos and contribute 02:19:58.240 --> 02:20:04.080 to spatial coherence in cities? 02:20:05.680 --> 02:20:07.300 Thank you for this question. 02:20:09.280 --> 02:20:14.080 I believe that I'm in a very convenient position, 02:20:14.400 --> 02:20:19.720 being 60 years old, that I remember the times of communism, where I grew up. 02:20:19.880 --> 02:20:24.840 I've entered the labor market in the 90s, right after the democratic transition. 02:20:24.920 --> 02:20:31.880 And I must say that my generation has been witness to this leap that Poland has 02:20:32.680 --> 02:20:36.920 achieved on its path to welfare and 02:20:38.600 --> 02:20:41.560 achieving a level of life that we've 02:20:41.640 --> 02:20:43.000 only dreamed of when we achieved. 02:20:44.600 --> 02:20:49.520 And as an architect, I have this reflection that one 02:20:49.600 --> 02:20:54.440 of the costs that we've paid for this immense success is the way 02:20:54.520 --> 02:20:56.120 our space is shaped today. 02:20:58.760 --> 02:21:03.720 And these things are difficult to fix, they are fixable at all. 02:21:04.200 --> 02:21:08.560 And if we can do something, then it would take decades, if not centuries. 02:21:10.200 --> 02:21:16.680 And we could have a lengthy debate on why it's the space that was the expense 02:21:16.760 --> 02:21:18.240 we've paid for the transition. 02:21:18.320 --> 02:21:23.000 My theory is that one of the reasons for that is that in Poland 02:21:25.560 --> 02:21:31.720 urban planning as a domain, it's been marginalized 02:21:33.080 --> 02:21:35.000 or simply pushed to non existent. 02:21:35.640 --> 02:21:42.200 Because we have spatial planning that's founded in the Land Use Act. 02:21:43.080 --> 02:21:47.240 We have general master plans and we have 02:21:47.720 --> 02:21:50.360 architectural and construction planning. 02:21:50.440 --> 02:21:52.360 This is something that we do. 02:21:53.320 --> 02:21:56.840 So clients come in, they commission larger 02:21:57.000 --> 02:22:01.400 or smaller projects, both for housing 02:22:01.560 --> 02:22:06.440 industry, churches, overpasses, etc. Etc. 02:22:06.520 --> 02:22:12.040 And between this spatial planning and the architectural design, 02:22:12.760 --> 02:22:19.880 there is this huge field that's unused, 02:22:22.360 --> 02:22:26.120 where we see this cat and mouse game 02:22:26.440 --> 02:22:31.440 taking place, or dodgeball match, 02:22:33.520 --> 02:22:36.040 where architects commissioned by private 02:22:36.120 --> 02:22:39.040 clients try 02:22:41.360 --> 02:22:46.560 to gain as much field as they can. 02:22:46.800 --> 02:22:49.920 For housing development is the 02:22:50.360 --> 02:22:54.720 maximum usable area, surface area. 02:22:54.880 --> 02:23:00.080 As for other projects, there are areas, other goals, but they have very little 02:23:00.160 --> 02:23:01.840 to do with urban planning, 02:23:04.000 --> 02:23:08.320 which simply does not exist. 02:23:08.400 --> 02:23:11.360 And please excuse me this very long 02:23:11.440 --> 02:23:15.680 introduction, but as a professional group, 02:23:15.840 --> 02:23:22.600 we here in this room and outside of it, we need to do all we can 02:23:27.720 --> 02:23:31.120 to reintroduce urban planning back into the games. 02:23:31.200 --> 02:23:34.120 Because there will be no fixing, 02:23:35.720 --> 02:23:40.880 no mitigating or mitigation 02:23:40.960 --> 02:23:42.880 of the cost in the form of the space. 02:23:42.960 --> 02:23:47.400 Suppose in a smaller and larger scale. 02:23:47.480 --> 02:23:52.600 Anyone who took a trip to Zakopane Baykart knows what I'm speaking of. 02:23:52.920 --> 02:23:58.760 This final stretch to Zakopane is both the testimony to this 02:23:59.160 --> 02:24:05.040 entrepreneurship of Poles who've managed to increase the level of life 02:24:05.120 --> 02:24:07.560 to the standards of the Western Europe. 02:24:07.640 --> 02:24:13.680 But the price we paid is this forest of billboards with 02:24:14.480 --> 02:24:19.440 fake breasts, jumping castles and all 02:24:19.520 --> 02:24:21.200 sorts of advertisements. 02:24:22.240 --> 02:24:27.040 So we need to resurrect urban planning. 02:24:27.120 --> 02:24:33.520 We need to tell the people why it's important, why it offers added value 02:24:33.760 --> 02:24:39.520 and why things that we try to add to our project 02:24:42.640 --> 02:24:49.440 and trying to put some Structure into the space is simply not enough. 02:24:49.520 --> 02:24:53.680 If we do not have certain support in the form 02:24:54.320 --> 02:24:58.920 of obligation to introduce certain procedures, certain routines into a 02:24:59.000 --> 02:25:02.160 project, paths that we need to take. 02:25:03.360 --> 02:25:07.280 Without that, especially in case of commercial projects, 02:25:07.440 --> 02:25:13.120 it will be a profit that will be the top priority. 02:25:14.160 --> 02:25:19.200 And without proper legislation, 02:25:19.280 --> 02:25:22.640 we'll have more and more cases of a single 02:25:23.280 --> 02:25:29.200 family house, which has 600 bedrooms, because these are things we see happening. 02:25:29.560 --> 02:25:35.800 So what we should do is to go out to these streets and preach wherever we can, 02:25:36.200 --> 02:25:39.880 that we need to reintroduce urban planning. 02:25:40.520 --> 02:25:44.040 And this could probably offer a chance 02:25:45.440 --> 02:25:47.720 for local policies to actually be 02:25:47.800 --> 02:25:51.560 actually represented in our urban spaces. 02:25:56.360 --> 02:25:57.800 I was subscribed to this. 02:25:59.720 --> 02:26:03.080 Planning should be superior to architecture, which might be about 02:26:03.560 --> 02:26:07.160 applying certain hierarchy in thinking and education. 02:26:07.720 --> 02:26:09.320 Education is the very first step. 02:26:09.400 --> 02:26:13.320 So looking at what we do with our faculties and how we 02:26:13.400 --> 02:26:14.760 actually train architects. 02:26:14.840 --> 02:26:20.320 I'm 52 already, but I remember the beginnings of meditation and 02:26:20.400 --> 02:26:22.040 architecture, the beginning of the 90s. 02:26:22.120 --> 02:26:26.160 We were all raised in this house of architects being divas, 02:26:26.320 --> 02:26:31.440 the stars that actually set the pattern towards the bright future, 02:26:31.600 --> 02:26:35.360 that they should be as creative and as different from the others as possible. 02:26:38.080 --> 02:26:41.280 The effect is that the culture of architectural continuity, 02:26:41.360 --> 02:26:46.000 continuity of context we keep talking about, has actually vanished. 02:26:47.280 --> 02:26:54.120 And I think that we should again go back 02:26:54.200 --> 02:26:57.880 to the universities and rethink the educational patterns, 02:26:57.960 --> 02:27:01.160 because we are responsible for what happened over the last 30, 40 years. 02:27:01.240 --> 02:27:04.880 It is architects who designed all the places, be it on the way 02:27:04.960 --> 02:27:07.040 to Zakopane or the seaside. 02:27:07.120 --> 02:27:12.120 I remember my journey from SVN USCI towards Suvska along the coastline of. 02:27:12.200 --> 02:27:15.560 When I saw what was built over the last 30 years, I was terrified. 02:27:16.920 --> 02:27:23.360 And it was not built by civil engineers, technicians, but members 02:27:24.360 --> 02:27:27.120 of the association of Polish Architects. 02:27:27.200 --> 02:27:30.280 So the responsible ones, the culprits, are here. 02:27:31.200 --> 02:27:36.280 And first and foremost, that was the results of the way architects 02:27:36.360 --> 02:27:40.960 were educated, how they were taught about certain hierarchy 02:27:41.040 --> 02:27:42.320 of thinking about the space. 02:27:42.400 --> 02:27:47.520 And I'm talking telling you this as an architect and urban planner. 02:27:47.600 --> 02:27:52.360 It is urban planning on a much broader scale that should be considered superior. 02:27:52.840 --> 02:27:57.800 So architects should maybe not in service to urban planning, 02:27:57.880 --> 02:28:03.000 but if we are to talk about a hierarchy, that's the way to perceive it. 02:28:03.080 --> 02:28:06.280 Another issue I would like to talk about 02:28:06.360 --> 02:28:14.360 is about the way we formulate our demands. 02:28:14.440 --> 02:28:19.720 We believe that the language that we use is underdeveloped. 02:28:19.800 --> 02:28:23.640 I do not have considerable experience of 02:28:23.720 --> 02:28:27.160 sitting on Jerry's various competitions. 02:28:27.240 --> 02:28:31.120 But for example, when we participate in the defenses of 02:28:32.080 --> 02:28:35.720 master's thesis, it appears that we scientists find it 02:28:35.800 --> 02:28:40.480 difficult to use a concise but exactly precise language. 02:28:40.800 --> 02:28:42.280 We use the emotional language. 02:28:42.360 --> 02:28:44.000 For example, we talk about honesty. 02:28:44.160 --> 02:28:48.080 I don't really find any connection between honesty and architecture. 02:28:48.160 --> 02:28:50.840 But this is the word that seems to be overused. 02:28:50.920 --> 02:28:55.360 So if we do not have the language to describe architectures, we find that 02:28:56.080 --> 02:28:59.760 a challenge, then we will also find it hard to translate it into the language 02:28:59.840 --> 02:29:01.280 of the legal provisions. 02:29:01.920 --> 02:29:03.440 Now back to my experience. 02:29:04.080 --> 02:29:07.520 Right from the beginning, I have scrutinized the history 02:29:08.240 --> 02:29:13.320 of urban planning law and I have quite knowledge on how these things 02:29:13.400 --> 02:29:16.240 were regulated in the world. 02:29:18.800 --> 02:29:23.120 Actually, shunning the execution and abiding by legal provisions 02:29:23.200 --> 02:29:24.200 has a long tradition. 02:29:24.600 --> 02:29:29.280 And this is the way it has always been and probably will be our task. 02:29:29.360 --> 02:29:33.280 The task of those who are lawmakers who 02:29:33.800 --> 02:29:37.280 somehow encode the vision of space, 02:29:38.920 --> 02:29:40.360 are responsible for this language. 02:29:40.440 --> 02:29:43.760 Because actually the zoning plan is an encryption of the vision 02:29:43.840 --> 02:29:50.560 that architects need to decode using play capacities when designing. 02:29:52.400 --> 02:29:56.160 I myself am guilty of using some 02:29:56.240 --> 02:30:00.360 sophisticated words, but we've heard that it'd be good if it 02:30:00.440 --> 02:30:06.640 was good and we should all be able to feel great in fabulous spaces. 02:30:07.280 --> 02:30:10.840 But I always say we wouldn't like it too hot or too cold and we 02:30:10.920 --> 02:30:12.400 would like it to be nice. 02:30:12.480 --> 02:30:13.600 Anybody would wish for that. 02:30:13.920 --> 02:30:16.160 But rather than that, I would like us to focus 02:30:17.200 --> 02:30:22.800 in our work on actually developing a language that could be used 02:30:23.120 --> 02:30:26.640 to talk about urban planning and to describe architecture, 02:30:26.800 --> 02:30:32.400 which of course is related to a dialog that is necessary for this to be done. 02:30:32.480 --> 02:30:34.400 But back to the question. 02:30:34.720 --> 02:30:36.960 My experience is that from a small town 02:30:40.280 --> 02:30:42.640 achievement of Merbeck then and mine was 02:30:42.720 --> 02:30:48.160 the first Culture park to be settled there in 2003. 02:30:48.240 --> 02:30:51.560 That shows how local communities approach their community, but also how 02:30:52.040 --> 02:30:53.800 this community approaches space. 02:30:54.440 --> 02:30:58.200 Space that the inhabitants know but not always accept. 02:30:58.360 --> 02:31:01.760 And I believe it is at this local level and in the understanding of local 02:31:01.840 --> 02:31:07.520 communities that we can, and we should go back to 02:31:08.400 --> 02:31:10.440 Professor Pasch's notion of habitat. 02:31:10.520 --> 02:31:15.320 And we can then from this stage move on to higher levels. 02:31:15.400 --> 02:31:18.120 I'm not talking about the City of Woods as being something local. 02:31:18.200 --> 02:31:20.040 When I say local, I mean neighborhoods. 02:31:20.120 --> 02:31:24.720 I mean neighborhoods as the notion used in urban planning. 02:31:26.160 --> 02:31:29.200 What matters here is what I call. 02:31:29.280 --> 02:31:31.680 That's my idea. Not my idea. 02:31:31.760 --> 02:31:34.960 That's an idea of one of the authors, one of new Urban planners. 02:31:35.600 --> 02:31:40.880 Certain conventions of agreeing on some codified or unqualified rules that 02:31:42.320 --> 02:31:43.560 we should abide by. 02:31:43.640 --> 02:31:49.440 So for example, it will not be a good idea to build a wooden house 02:31:50.400 --> 02:31:54.640 a med state district in which you will not find similar solutions. 02:31:54.960 --> 02:31:56.800 I'm thinking about architects who. 02:31:56.880 --> 02:32:00.800 Who are not divas or who are not in service to big corporations 02:32:05.360 --> 02:32:09.840 that just appear there out of nowhere in the local community. 02:32:10.400 --> 02:32:15.320 I'm calling here addressing the architects 02:32:15.400 --> 02:32:17.760 that are very much rooted in their spaces. 02:32:17.840 --> 02:32:23.080 They are those who have the greatest impact on Watson is done. 02:32:23.160 --> 02:32:25.960 They might be anonymous, but from the point of view of a public 02:32:26.040 --> 02:32:32.120 officer that I have an experience of being, I was a young architect, I guess 02:32:32.200 --> 02:32:37.440 I was the youngest monument supervisor. 02:32:38.720 --> 02:32:39.600 I was too young. 02:32:41.680 --> 02:32:45.800 When you're young, you don't know that some things could be done better wiser. 02:32:45.880 --> 02:32:51.960 But right from the beginning I was believe that discussion negotiating is 02:32:52.600 --> 02:32:53.200 most important. 02:32:53.360 --> 02:32:56.840 Even when you think about those things that do not result directly 02:32:56.920 --> 02:32:59.800 from zoning plans or legal regulations. 02:32:59.880 --> 02:33:02.200 Sometimes these discussions prove pointless. 02:33:02.280 --> 02:33:06.200 But again, I believe that it is a very important aspect of architectural policy. 02:33:06.840 --> 02:33:08.920 The policy that should rely on. 02:33:15.840 --> 02:33:19.960 On those rules that are not necessarily encoded in the language of law. 02:33:21.920 --> 02:33:26.640 Let me ask this question to Cesar. 02:33:26.960 --> 02:33:32.360 You talk about hermetic language of architecture, but the scientific 02:33:32.440 --> 02:33:35.720 language is also very much hermetic. 02:33:35.800 --> 02:33:37.920 I would like to ask you about this educational work. 02:33:38.040 --> 02:33:42.880 How does that impact the practical approach to implementing 02:33:44.160 --> 02:33:46.080 local architectural policies? 02:33:47.520 --> 02:33:51.120 Do scientific media, scientific entities actually take up these 02:33:51.200 --> 02:33:54.240 topics or do they only teach how to design? 02:33:57.040 --> 02:33:59.280 Thank you very much, Margot Zata for the question. 02:33:59.840 --> 02:34:03.160 And I really appreciate that my esteemed colleagues refer to the question 02:34:03.240 --> 02:34:07.960 of language, because I think we architects are very, very well trained in question 02:34:08.040 --> 02:34:11.040 regarding formal and static situation. 02:34:11.120 --> 02:34:14.920 But we are not really trained on incremental change. 02:34:15.560 --> 02:34:18.960 And if there is something specific of cities that dynamics. 02:34:19.720 --> 02:34:26.200 So besides developing an appropriate language to get this level 02:34:26.280 --> 02:34:28.280 of understanding with our neighbors, 02:34:28.520 --> 02:34:34.920 I think we also need to to help ourselves 02:34:35.720 --> 02:34:37.320 listening in a better way. 02:34:37.960 --> 02:34:44.160 We need to incorporate tools for understand those dynamics urgently. 02:34:44.240 --> 02:34:47.360 Because instead of just claiming understanding 02:34:47.440 --> 02:34:52.040 from the citizens, we also need to read them differently. 02:34:52.200 --> 02:34:55.560 And this is what we are part of the work we are doing at the university, 02:34:56.040 --> 02:35:01.040 trying to reduce this gap, reduce this kind of threshold. 02:35:02.000 --> 02:35:07.040 And we are operating in this space that Christian 02:35:08.720 --> 02:35:10.560 target today as of soft power. 02:35:10.640 --> 02:35:15.040 I think it's important to really start this dialog there. 02:35:15.440 --> 02:35:21.480 But developing these tools to understand better our neighbors, 02:35:21.560 --> 02:35:24.560 but also to communicate in a more fluid way way with them. 02:35:24.960 --> 02:35:31.760 In this respect, we are working with this what we call support structures. 02:35:32.640 --> 02:35:37.440 We want to in this way enrich the democratic infrastructure of the city. 02:35:37.840 --> 02:35:43.200 Creating a way in which participation from the citizens is not something static, 02:35:43.280 --> 02:35:45.360 but really implied commitment. 02:35:46.040 --> 02:35:49.760 In due respect, I'm sure most of my colleagues that are here here 02:35:49.840 --> 02:35:55.080 know that this participatory process very Often entitles a sort of nightmare, 02:35:55.160 --> 02:35:57.760 because participation doesn't occur spontaneously. 02:35:57.920 --> 02:36:00.320 And here the question of language is crucial. 02:36:00.800 --> 02:36:04.960 So this communication, you listening differently 02:36:05.040 --> 02:36:07.880 and communicating them differently with the citizens, 02:36:07.960 --> 02:36:12.520 is crucial to then elaborate proposals that respond 02:36:12.600 --> 02:36:14.160 to their needs and aspirations. 02:36:14.640 --> 02:36:19.640 And there language will also help us to translate these demands, 02:36:19.720 --> 02:36:24.440 these aspirations to the decision makers and authorities that can 02:36:24.520 --> 02:36:25.560 make them effective. 02:36:25.960 --> 02:36:30.080 And combining this process also with the understanding of the civic 02:36:30.160 --> 02:36:34.360 society that the work that we are doing is for the common interest. 02:36:35.080 --> 02:36:38.840 So it's a complex task, but I will say it's really exciting 02:36:39.400 --> 02:36:42.880 to learn that we can really expand our report to art of communication. 02:36:43.520 --> 02:36:48.800 And this at the end will also help to enrich the kind of solutions 02:36:48.880 --> 02:36:50.000 that we can provide. 02:36:51.120 --> 02:36:52.280 Thank you for this voice. 02:36:52.360 --> 02:36:54.000 And I would like to ask you. Also. 02:36:55.920 --> 02:37:00.240 In your opinion, what are the biggest challenge for urban 02:37:00.320 --> 02:37:05.440 democracy in decision making process related to revitalization 02:37:05.920 --> 02:37:09.960 and shaping local architecture policy? 02:37:10.680 --> 02:37:11.240 Okay. 02:37:12.120 --> 02:37:15.920 In our case we have detected, and I think it's something common to whole 02:37:16.000 --> 02:37:19.800 Europe, that we are confronting times of very short span attention 02:37:19.880 --> 02:37:21.800 and extreme polarization. 02:37:23.160 --> 02:37:27.680 This is really deviating the topic on what is needed to found this 02:37:27.760 --> 02:37:29.960 common and collective ground. 02:37:30.680 --> 02:37:34.640 With this we are working with a concept which is the world one 02:37:34.720 --> 02:37:36.400 of imperfect solidarities. 02:37:36.800 --> 02:37:41.440 Meaning that maybe we don't fully agree, but there are some common grounds, 02:37:41.520 --> 02:37:44.000 some common consensus that needs to be addressed. 02:37:44.320 --> 02:37:48.000 If we really waste our time in this extreme polarization, 02:37:48.240 --> 02:37:52.560 I think we are wasting also the appreciatious opportunity to bring change. 02:37:53.120 --> 02:37:58.640 It's in this level of imperfect solidarity when we can celebrate differences, 02:37:58.720 --> 02:38:04.200 when we can work and move forward, forward despite the things that make us apart. 02:38:04.640 --> 02:38:11.480 I think this is crucial because the narrative of, let's say, going to the 02:38:11.560 --> 02:38:13.840 extreme, it's very easy to communicate. 02:38:14.040 --> 02:38:17.200 Here was also mentioned the emotional dimension of our work. 02:38:17.280 --> 02:38:18.560 I think this is essential. 02:38:19.040 --> 02:38:23.200 Besides the overintellectualization, I think we need to really connect 02:38:23.280 --> 02:38:25.840 at the emotional level with our citizens. 02:38:25.920 --> 02:38:30.440 That's why with our agency in Eschur al set at the start outer of Luxembourg, 02:38:30.520 --> 02:38:34.160 we consider ourselves first and foremost neighbors. 02:38:34.240 --> 02:38:38.800 And afterwards comes our task as architects and urban planners. 02:38:39.200 --> 02:38:43.760 So in this respect, for me, this addressing this 02:38:44.800 --> 02:38:49.240 misunderstanding of what is what we call civic friendship, you know, 02:38:49.320 --> 02:38:52.960 that we can really move forward and work together with the neighbors and 02:38:54.000 --> 02:38:57.440 get rid of the simplistic narrative of 02:38:59.960 --> 02:39:01.720 extreme ideologies. I would say. 02:39:02.760 --> 02:39:03.280 Thank you. 02:39:09.200 --> 02:39:09.640 Thank you. 02:39:09.720 --> 02:39:12.880 I'd like to ask you about this research perspective. 02:39:12.960 --> 02:39:19.040 Whether research and didactic work actually impact the approach to creating 02:39:19.120 --> 02:39:21.560 and implementing local architectural policies. 02:39:24.000 --> 02:39:30.400 If we program of Course inverted commas our students to be sensitive 02:39:30.480 --> 02:39:34.560 to understanding spaces and to understand architecture through space, 02:39:34.640 --> 02:39:39.880 not through the realm of urban planning documents, then this 02:39:39.960 --> 02:39:41.040 is the right way to go. 02:39:42.320 --> 02:39:46.000 Young people, I don't believe, 02:39:46.400 --> 02:39:50.400 should be considered particularly privileged just because they're young. 02:39:50.480 --> 02:39:54.680 Of course, when I was younger, I thought about that completely differently. 02:39:55.640 --> 02:40:01.680 Anyway, what I see is that urban planning is often reduced 02:40:01.760 --> 02:40:04.200 to thinking about some white spots on the maps. 02:40:04.280 --> 02:40:07.680 And how does that go together with architecture? 02:40:07.760 --> 02:40:11.960 I believe that some progress has been made over the last two decades. 02:40:12.040 --> 02:40:18.280 But what we need is greater effort towards convincing and persuading 02:40:19.880 --> 02:40:24.440 young students to understand that urban planning is maybe not an older 02:40:24.520 --> 02:40:25.960 sister to architecture. 02:40:26.280 --> 02:40:30.840 Older doesn't necessarily mean wiser, but it does mean slightly more experienced. 02:40:31.280 --> 02:40:35.560 So we as teachers should 02:40:37.280 --> 02:40:39.640 persuade students that urban planning 02:40:39.720 --> 02:40:41.800 and architecture are complementary. 02:40:42.280 --> 02:40:46.520 Architect is there to be of service to the community. 02:40:49.080 --> 02:40:54.200 Some time ago, and this is yet another aspect, encouraged 02:40:54.600 --> 02:40:56.760 people to write about architecture. 02:40:57.080 --> 02:40:59.120 Yesterday we talked with Professor Gazelle. 02:40:59.200 --> 02:41:01.880 I encouraged him to keep on writing as much as possible. 02:41:01.960 --> 02:41:04.920 That's just a side remark, but a pretty important one. 02:41:05.000 --> 02:41:10.960 I think that part of architectural policy is communicating 02:41:11.840 --> 02:41:13.680 messages to non architects. 02:41:13.760 --> 02:41:16.480 Because first of all, sometimes we are misunderstood 02:41:17.120 --> 02:41:20.400 and that results from what we deliver what we offer. 02:41:21.920 --> 02:41:26.600 Secondly, there is this conviction that it is only architects that can 02:41:26.680 --> 02:41:28.000 talk about architecture. 02:41:28.240 --> 02:41:30.080 You often hear that about physicians. 02:41:32.080 --> 02:41:35.280 I encourage them to get more involved, but in order to so for this to be 02:41:35.640 --> 02:41:39.120 possible, well, they need to be supported. 02:41:39.200 --> 02:41:43.360 I encourage everybody who has certain expertise to share it, to write, 02:41:43.440 --> 02:41:48.360 to educate informally, apart from the academic education. 02:41:49.040 --> 02:41:52.840 So that was just a side remark on the necessity to write. 02:41:53.120 --> 02:41:56.880 Professor said that when he studied in the 60s, this generation was crazy 02:41:56.960 --> 02:42:02.960 about the ideas concerning how that was what young students 02:42:03.040 --> 02:42:05.160 of architecture had in their minds. 02:42:05.880 --> 02:42:11.960 Not just some continents, but everywhere. 02:42:12.040 --> 02:42:16.040 Different ideas prevailed in different epochs in our academic experience. 02:42:17.720 --> 02:42:23.000 Or we can recall again certain fads, certain fashions that we were 02:42:24.200 --> 02:42:25.080 very much into. 02:42:26.120 --> 02:42:27.720 But it would be good if today, 02:42:30.960 --> 02:42:33.120 and I believe this to be of utmost 02:42:33.200 --> 02:42:40.120 importance, to really make sure that the culture of continuation 02:42:40.600 --> 02:42:44.600 is brought back so that we understand that we are talking about something timeless. 02:42:44.680 --> 02:42:47.680 It's not just about copying and pasting from the past to the future 02:42:47.760 --> 02:42:48.920 of certain forms. 02:42:49.200 --> 02:42:53.080 But it's more about the essence, lessons about the starting point. 02:42:54.920 --> 02:42:56.360 I was thinking about the future. 02:43:01.720 --> 02:43:04.120 Unfortunately, in the contemporary mainstream 02:43:04.200 --> 02:43:07.640 architectural design that is most appreciated and awarded. 02:43:07.960 --> 02:43:11.640 I cannot spot this culture of continuation continuity. 02:43:12.200 --> 02:43:13.640 Of course, I'm open to debate. 02:43:13.720 --> 02:43:18.040 I understand that not everybody needs to share more my views. 02:43:19.000 --> 02:43:24.080 Anyway, if I am to refer to architectural policy that needs to have 02:43:24.160 --> 02:43:26.280 a certain goal to it. 02:43:26.920 --> 02:43:30.280 Unless we simply treat it as art for art's sake. 02:43:30.360 --> 02:43:32.680 Art of governing architecture in this case. 02:43:33.000 --> 02:43:36.840 Well, I assume that this policy needs to have a certain goal to it. 02:43:37.160 --> 02:43:40.680 I'm very happy to have heard words yesterday that I did not hear when I 02:43:40.760 --> 02:43:42.620 was a student that architecture should. 02:43:43.960 --> 02:43:47.000 Or maybe I heard it, but must have been a coincidence. 02:43:47.480 --> 02:43:49.720 Victorian triad is what we were taught. 02:43:49.800 --> 02:43:53.960 But anyhow, even until now you hear about some other 02:43:55.320 --> 02:43:59.160 values of architecture featuring and beauty being somewhere on the side. 02:43:59.240 --> 02:44:04.440 So if architectural policies are to have a certain goal to them, 02:44:04.520 --> 02:44:07.080 and apart from defining this goal, you need to really 02:44:08.040 --> 02:44:09.440 be sure that it is common to. 02:44:11.200 --> 02:44:14.960 And something that can be this come and go for everybody, especially on the local 02:44:15.040 --> 02:44:18.080 scale that we are talking about, is this culture of continuity, 02:44:20.400 --> 02:44:25.040 spatial urban planning, architectural continuity, whichever way you name it. 02:44:25.120 --> 02:44:29.200 And it's not just about preservation or copying simply. 02:44:32.400 --> 02:44:33.120 Thank you very much. 02:44:33.200 --> 02:44:38.240 We've been talking about commitment, but as Sarps representative asked Piotr, 02:44:38.320 --> 02:44:44.000 I asked Michal about engagement commitment of architects 02:44:44.080 --> 02:44:47.680 and citizens that Cesar mentioned, and also of our scientific medias. 02:44:48.320 --> 02:44:50.480 Do the cities of today. 02:44:51.040 --> 02:44:57.640 Are the cities of today ready to increase the democratization of spatial decisions 02:44:57.720 --> 02:45:00.080 in the context of example, housing crisis? 02:45:06.560 --> 02:45:08.400 Thank you. And this question 02:45:10.880 --> 02:45:14.640 could be answered in a single sentence, or 02:45:15.680 --> 02:45:19.080 it could be also approached far more broadly. 02:45:19.160 --> 02:45:24.400 I'll take the latter approach, although I don't want to drag excessively. 02:45:24.880 --> 02:45:27.640 I'm in a conflict comfortable position 02:45:29.160 --> 02:45:33.240 because I'm a minority here. 02:45:33.480 --> 02:45:37.160 I'm not an architect, nor am I an urban planner. 02:45:37.800 --> 02:45:43.640 I'm a lawyer who's been an attorney for 20 years 02:45:44.520 --> 02:45:50.840 and I've quite specialized in all sorts of procedures and procedures. 02:45:51.400 --> 02:45:52.560 It's very broad context. 02:45:52.640 --> 02:45:57.960 I something that I've been dealing quite a lot. 02:45:58.200 --> 02:46:02.120 So I have this comfort of watching this process from the outside. 02:46:02.440 --> 02:46:07.280 The decisions by the decision of mayor of Wroclaw, 02:46:07.360 --> 02:46:11.760 I've been given oversight over urban planning and all real 02:46:11.840 --> 02:46:13.400 estate issues in Wroclaw. 02:46:14.280 --> 02:46:18.040 So this field of competence is quite ample. 02:46:18.120 --> 02:46:23.880 And from this standpoint, from my observations and the situation 02:46:23.960 --> 02:46:29.560 of Roswa, and also from the standpoint of a person who 02:46:30.440 --> 02:46:36.520 you may not like quite often is a person who actually curtails your 02:46:36.600 --> 02:46:41.120 activities as architects, I have to say 02:46:42.360 --> 02:46:46.920 we need to be very precise when separately, in various processes, 02:46:47.480 --> 02:46:52.440 one is the design and architectural process phases. 02:46:52.920 --> 02:46:59.080 For me, laymen, these fields are independent. 02:46:59.160 --> 02:47:01.640 One of them is regulated, the other one is not. 02:47:02.360 --> 02:47:07.080 And secondly, they address radically different dimensions. 02:47:07.640 --> 02:47:10.440 Urban planning, spatial planning is 02:47:11.400 --> 02:47:16.120 set by a dedicated act we have a due 02:47:16.200 --> 02:47:18.360 process in place and procedures. 02:47:19.240 --> 02:47:21.160 And this recently updated 02:47:21.880 --> 02:47:27.800 act also introduced citizen participation 02:47:29.560 --> 02:47:32.760 through engagement of local community in this regard. 02:47:32.840 --> 02:47:37.200 And on the other hand we have this element of architecture, architectural assessment, 02:47:37.960 --> 02:47:44.560 that is whether we put it in simple terms, whether we like something or not. 02:47:44.640 --> 02:47:50.480 Therefore, this architectural component and the position of the city architect is 02:47:50.560 --> 02:47:53.880 not regulated by any act of parliament. 02:47:53.960 --> 02:47:55.960 It's exclusively 02:47:59.520 --> 02:48:02.160 position and the phrases 02:48:03.840 --> 02:48:06.960 developed by self governments 02:48:08.800 --> 02:48:12.200 to define a certain set of competences 02:48:12.360 --> 02:48:18.800 that certain people or teams have, and their powers as well. 02:48:19.920 --> 02:48:24.640 And in this regard, architecture and local development plans are 02:48:25.360 --> 02:48:30.720 only as good as the architecture design that is created within them by architects. 02:48:31.920 --> 02:48:37.920 Hence the great responsibility of architects moving forward. 02:48:38.800 --> 02:48:42.160 We also must say that the 02:48:44.000 --> 02:48:47.120 construction code does not contain 02:48:49.600 --> 02:48:51.840 aesthetical criteria. 02:48:54.040 --> 02:48:58.560 So this element does not define whether an administrative 02:48:58.640 --> 02:49:02.720 decision in the form of building permit is issued. 02:49:02.800 --> 02:49:05.880 Is this a good thing or a bad thing? 02:49:05.960 --> 02:49:11.680 This is up for debate and probably a lot of discussions 02:49:11.760 --> 02:49:15.280 at the universities, whether we should change the situation or not. 02:49:15.880 --> 02:49:20.920 So from this separation, this clear separation 02:49:21.120 --> 02:49:26.160 of spatial planning and architecture, we, 02:49:27.440 --> 02:49:31.600 as a structure of public administration, 02:49:35.120 --> 02:49:36.240 we need to find 02:49:39.040 --> 02:49:44.320 this point where we maximize benefits 02:49:45.040 --> 02:49:49.520 from investment and we also maximize the 02:49:49.600 --> 02:49:52.440 participatory benefits for the society. 02:49:53.720 --> 02:49:55.360 So we have to strike a balance. 02:49:56.280 --> 02:49:58.760 And this is done through 02:49:59.640 --> 02:50:04.040 the input from the citizens on how they 02:50:04.120 --> 02:50:06.040 wish to shape the space around them. 02:50:06.920 --> 02:50:09.800 I'd even go this far to say that 02:50:10.920 --> 02:50:15.280 we've implemented de facto, not the euro, 02:50:15.760 --> 02:50:19.920 a new legislative premise for shaping urban space. 02:50:21.040 --> 02:50:26.960 That is the social factor, which is very strongly 02:50:27.520 --> 02:50:33.400 pronounced in wrocaw, at least within formal and informal 02:50:33.480 --> 02:50:35.040 consultation processes. 02:50:36.160 --> 02:50:39.880 This often boils down to 02:50:41.640 --> 02:50:45.720 a bit anarchist visions for land use, 02:50:45.800 --> 02:50:52.360 for lack of better terms, that are often designed by two or three people 02:50:52.440 --> 02:50:54.840 for the society at large. 02:50:54.920 --> 02:50:58.960 But we need to bear this in mind because the city is for everyone 02:51:00.600 --> 02:51:04.520 and listening into the local needs, needs 02:51:07.720 --> 02:51:10.280 communities that inhabit cities 02:51:12.360 --> 02:51:13.640 is extremely important. 02:51:13.960 --> 02:51:20.440 Therefore bringing together all these elements is very demanding tasks. 02:51:20.520 --> 02:51:25.120 But I invite everyone who hasn't visited 02:51:25.200 --> 02:51:29.800 WROCAW thus far to come and see how we're facing. 02:51:31.280 --> 02:51:34.080 In my opinion, we're doing pretty well. 02:51:34.480 --> 02:51:39.720 What are the current mechanisms available for shaping the policy in vlasaw 02:51:39.800 --> 02:51:41.840 and what seems to work and what does not. 02:51:42.640 --> 02:51:48.800 Well, the public consultations are key. 02:51:48.880 --> 02:51:50.960 And are they working well? 02:51:51.520 --> 02:51:52.840 There's no easy answer. 02:51:52.920 --> 02:51:54.400 For us, the consultations 02:51:58.400 --> 02:52:00.960 take the shape of presenting land use 02:52:01.040 --> 02:52:04.000 plans and then opening them up for remarks. 02:52:04.880 --> 02:52:09.880 We have the special act on housing that gives the opportunity to reorganize 02:52:09.960 --> 02:52:14.560 spaces regardless of the local land use plans. 02:52:15.360 --> 02:52:17.600 And we expect potential Investors 02:52:19.440 --> 02:52:23.040 that before they present the designs, they 02:52:23.760 --> 02:52:27.360 undertake broad consultations and present a report. 02:52:27.760 --> 02:52:29.280 And this does work. 02:52:29.760 --> 02:52:34.640 It's not always to the satisfaction of the investors, 02:52:34.720 --> 02:52:36.880 but this consultation is present. 02:52:37.040 --> 02:52:41.120 Therefore, from this, at this dimension, 02:52:42.800 --> 02:52:45.680 this is the key tool we have. 02:52:45.840 --> 02:52:47.460 And then there is education. 02:52:50.560 --> 02:52:53.440 We've propagated the project 02:52:56.800 --> 02:53:00.640 whereby citizens can file their 02:53:01.600 --> 02:53:06.160 remarks for master city master plan, both 02:53:06.240 --> 02:53:09.760 for certain quarters or particular plots. 02:53:11.840 --> 02:53:14.800 These are the soft. 02:53:15.120 --> 02:53:21.520 This is the soft power, or the soft empire, as we like to call it, 02:53:26.960 --> 02:53:27.760 that we use 02:53:30.480 --> 02:53:34.160 exercising our power in the form of local 02:53:34.240 --> 02:53:37.520 consultations that take the proper shape. 02:53:37.600 --> 02:53:41.760 But because there is a very thin, thin line separating consultations 02:53:42.400 --> 02:53:48.400 handled right and anarchy that can actually 02:53:49.200 --> 02:53:52.400 defeat the purpose of this process. 02:53:53.040 --> 02:53:57.600 Lawrence points to important the fact that we need to end. 02:53:57.680 --> 02:54:01.040 So I will just conclude 02:54:02.480 --> 02:54:05.040 asking that what should we do to help have 02:54:05.200 --> 02:54:09.840 the ministry engaged in shaping architectural policy. 02:54:10.200 --> 02:54:14.880 And there was also another question about the challenges that architects 02:54:14.960 --> 02:54:18.280 face when engaging in local policies. 02:54:18.360 --> 02:54:22.800 And then there was also the question to Caesar about the cases of cities 02:54:22.880 --> 02:54:25.280 where participation has worked. 02:54:25.360 --> 02:54:30.800 But from what I take it, we will need to continue the debate over the coffee table. 02:54:30.880 --> 02:54:34.080 And with that I thank you for your attention and invite you. 02:54:34.800 --> 02:54:41.280 We've been talking about in this session we have three introductory presentations 02:54:41.440 --> 02:54:46.160 that will be followed by the last discussion panel that we've designed 02:54:47.600 --> 02:54:48.920 to close the conference with. 02:54:49.000 --> 02:54:50.920 And within the introductory ones we 02:54:51.000 --> 02:54:57.440 have miss City of Urban Urban planner. 02:54:57.520 --> 02:55:02.000 And she'll tell us about her reflection about who the city architect is 02:55:04.480 --> 02:55:09.920 from the Flemish government body. 02:55:10.000 --> 02:55:13.120 And she'll tell us about the Flemish government architect tasks. 02:55:13.760 --> 02:55:16.080 So slightly differently perspective. And then 02:55:18.720 --> 02:55:22.680 city architecture, who will tell us about 02:55:23.080 --> 02:55:28.040 what the city architects can do within their capacity. 02:55:31.320 --> 02:55:37.480 And a discussion panel will follow, but that will be announced somewhat later. 02:55:37.560 --> 02:55:44.040 Now I would like to introduce the first speaker, Professor Agata announced, 02:55:45.720 --> 02:55:51.400 as Professor Petro said today, I would like to tell you about 02:55:51.480 --> 02:55:54.360 what the city architect is. 02:55:55.000 --> 02:55:58.680 Of course it's a clickbait announcement because obviously I will not 02:56:00.120 --> 02:56:06.200 be very specific of about what the city architect is, but I will start 02:56:07.400 --> 02:56:08.680 elaborating on that. 02:56:09.400 --> 02:56:11.340 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. 02:56:12.440 --> 02:56:17.880 Since September 2024 I've been glivice city in planner. 02:56:20.280 --> 02:56:24.360 It is important in this narrative that I represent Gliwice. 02:56:25.400 --> 02:56:31.400 This is a city of 180,000 people in the south of Poland, 02:56:32.520 --> 02:56:37.000 dating back to the medieval times, in a very industrialized area. 02:56:37.080 --> 02:56:41.400 Aposte mentioning this 02:56:42.520 --> 02:56:44.120 so that everybody knows. 02:56:44.200 --> 02:56:49.160 And what's interesting about Gliwice is that in this industrial area 02:56:49.240 --> 02:56:53.400 of Upper Silesia, Gliwice stand out as A 02:56:53.480 --> 02:56:57.400 different big city like character 02:56:58.040 --> 02:57:01.000 that they gained in early 20th century. 02:57:02.280 --> 02:57:03.400 And it is what they are. 02:57:03.560 --> 02:57:07.880 Road TO CONSTRUCTION ADVISOR Carl Shabik 02:57:10.120 --> 02:57:12.520 was a construction advisor 02:57:12.920 --> 02:57:15.920 between 1919 and 1945. 02:57:16.000 --> 02:57:18.360 He was educated in Berlin. 02:57:18.520 --> 02:57:23.880 He was a professional who held his position over a few terms of office. 02:57:23.960 --> 02:57:29.480 And it is to him that Glitzer oh this nature. 02:57:31.320 --> 02:57:38.120 The construction councilor was ahead of the team of some 30 people. 02:57:38.200 --> 02:57:43.440 That was a design office where urban development projects were created, 02:57:43.520 --> 02:57:45.960 architectural projects were prepared. 02:57:46.040 --> 02:57:51.080 And he consulted all the projects to be implemented in the city center. 02:57:51.160 --> 02:57:57.160 Both those made by private investors and the public sector. 02:57:58.040 --> 02:58:02.960 He watched over that following the spirit of the garden city and so as 02:58:03.040 --> 02:58:04.280 to resolve housing issues. 02:58:04.680 --> 02:58:06.920 Anyhow, he had very much under control. 02:58:07.240 --> 02:58:10.400 In 1945 the Russians invited the city. 02:58:10.480 --> 02:58:16.200 Kalashabik was taken to a concentration camp and this is where he lost his life. 02:58:17.400 --> 02:58:23.840 And ever since then of city architects or construction 02:58:23.920 --> 02:58:30.400 counselor and the urban design related decisions in the city were then made by 02:58:30.960 --> 02:58:36.720 committees and appointed architects, owing to whom we have wonderful 02:58:36.800 --> 02:58:39.640 examples of parachute like architecture. 02:58:39.720 --> 02:58:45.720 So the one that looks as if it dropped from from the sky on a parachute. 02:58:45.800 --> 02:58:48.560 And then the description decisions started to be made by politicians, 02:58:48.640 --> 02:58:50.400 traffic engineers mostly. 02:58:50.960 --> 02:58:53.760 So the main axis that links 02:58:54.640 --> 02:58:58.560 the railway station with the main square, 02:58:59.040 --> 02:59:01.040 you've got a four lane 02:59:02.560 --> 02:59:08.240 fast road intersecting and a many hectare 02:59:08.960 --> 02:59:11.440 allotment that is rather empty. 02:59:12.240 --> 02:59:14.480 Five hectares there that you don't know what to do about. 02:59:14.560 --> 02:59:18.240 It's half of it is the road, half of it is a parking lot. 02:59:19.280 --> 02:59:22.840 And it turned out that well, nothing can be built there 02:59:22.920 --> 02:59:25.760 because somebody changed the plan. 02:59:25.840 --> 02:59:30.440 And the axle load makes it impossible to build anything. 02:59:30.520 --> 02:59:32.560 Their load bearing capacity is insufficient. 02:59:32.640 --> 02:59:36.400 Many decisions in the city are made by the so called free market. 02:59:38.560 --> 02:59:41.760 That is to say that you can build where you want to. 02:59:42.240 --> 02:59:46.080 And there are examples of this kind of 02:59:47.680 --> 02:59:49.600 field architecture, the one that 02:59:50.080 --> 02:59:53.320 goes along the lines of the fields. 02:59:53.400 --> 02:59:59.600 And there is minutia division into small fields, for example, trip field 03:00:00.960 --> 03:00:03.800 architecture that has little to do with the city. 03:00:03.880 --> 03:00:07.320 The there's like, you know, a slammy like technique, slice by slice. 03:00:10.600 --> 03:00:15.240 And there you've got me entering the picture full of hope. 03:00:15.800 --> 03:00:21.080 And of course hopes were also related to me taking this position. 03:00:21.160 --> 03:00:24.880 Of course the hopes could not be fulfilled. 03:00:24.960 --> 03:00:29.160 Not just because I don't have the capacity and 03:00:30.200 --> 03:00:35.640 the mandate that Karl Schlabitz had, but in today's pluralist word, 03:00:36.840 --> 03:00:39.800 I would probably be taken out of the city. 03:00:43.320 --> 03:00:49.040 So in order for anything to be done, I started from jotting down what I believe 03:00:49.120 --> 03:00:52.040 to be my role and the scope of my duties. 03:00:52.120 --> 03:00:57.120 And a small side story here, the position is called 03:00:57.200 --> 03:00:59.000 the city urban designer. 03:01:01.400 --> 03:01:02.360 And this is because. 03:01:02.440 --> 03:01:05.040 Well, to my mind, 03:01:05.120 --> 03:01:10.200 this set of roles and responsibilities is really very closely connected 03:01:10.520 --> 03:01:16.680 with the role of an urban planner, but more understood as an urban designer, 03:01:16.760 --> 03:01:20.120 because I do not plan spaces, 03:01:20.200 --> 03:01:23.880 but I rather define a vision. 03:01:23.960 --> 03:01:29.880 So together with this role, I set four major tasks for me to perform. 03:01:29.960 --> 03:01:34.160 They're of course, rather complex, but briefly they can be 03:01:34.240 --> 03:01:35.960 divided into four categories. 03:01:36.040 --> 03:01:40.720 One is issuing opinions and agreeing on projects, 03:01:40.800 --> 03:01:45.720 or reviewing and accepting, mostly concerning public projects, 03:01:45.800 --> 03:01:47.080 but also some private ones. 03:01:47.480 --> 03:01:51.440 So these are decisions about where particular urban projects 03:01:51.520 --> 03:01:53.400 should be placed. And it also. 03:01:53.480 --> 03:01:59.320 It's also issuing opinions about certain esthetic features 03:02:00.200 --> 03:02:04.600 in the city space, initiating and running architectural 03:02:05.240 --> 03:02:10.040 competitions, but also social public consultations that we haven't had 03:02:10.840 --> 03:02:12.120 many of recently. 03:02:12.760 --> 03:02:18.800 I also come on some studies, audits that will provide us with answers 03:02:18.880 --> 03:02:22.520 to the question of what can be improved cooperation. 03:02:22.600 --> 03:02:26.920 Cooperation is of paramount importance internally, 03:02:27.800 --> 03:02:31.160 across different divisions in the city hall, and also externally, 03:02:32.760 --> 03:02:37.080 this external one is the soft power that we've heard so much about today. 03:02:38.040 --> 03:02:43.000 Then there are PR activities that made it possible for. 03:02:43.160 --> 03:02:47.000 For me to speak to you today. 03:02:47.480 --> 03:02:53.880 I actually entered an existing structure that had been around for some decades 03:02:53.960 --> 03:02:58.280 and of course is rather troublesome because I came from. 03:02:59.080 --> 03:03:02.200 From the external environment and now I'm 03:03:02.360 --> 03:03:06.280 actually trying to interfere with the well 03:03:09.320 --> 03:03:11.480 agreed on set those of paths. 03:03:11.560 --> 03:03:15.560 Well, what makes it slightly easier for me to operate is that I enjoy 03:03:15.640 --> 03:03:17.720 the support of Madame May. 03:03:18.120 --> 03:03:25.000 I do not report to deputy mayors, so it is easier for me to operate. 03:03:25.080 --> 03:03:29.320 Our cooperation actually is based on coming to terms 03:03:29.960 --> 03:03:35.400 with certain decisions, and if possible, I can also veto some decisions. 03:03:38.600 --> 03:03:44.440 My role in this whole city and in this whole setup is to try to. 03:03:44.680 --> 03:03:47.320 To draft such a vision that will make it 03:03:47.400 --> 03:03:54.440 possible for city offices to start 03:03:56.040 --> 03:03:59.640 exceeding the limits of their roles and 03:04:01.320 --> 03:04:03.960 start to operate beyond 03:04:05.040 --> 03:04:06.240 their confined roles. 03:04:06.320 --> 03:04:12.760 Sometimes they cannot find tools or the reasons to actually grab for tools 03:04:12.840 --> 03:04:16.720 that would make it possible for them 03:04:16.800 --> 03:04:21.120 to act, which has led to greater agency. So this is my role. 03:04:21.200 --> 03:04:23.360 I also find for the quality of public space. 03:04:25.520 --> 03:04:29.840 And I do that using soft power when talking to private investors. 03:04:29.920 --> 03:04:32.680 But I also communicate, communicate with the inhabitant city 03:04:32.760 --> 03:04:37.720 dwellers so as to regain the trust that has been lost over the years. 03:04:39.720 --> 03:04:45.240 Point to the fact that many decisions were simply imposed on them without really 03:04:46.040 --> 03:04:49.800 communicating them to the inhabitants, not asking for the demand. 03:04:49.880 --> 03:04:55.240 So I cannot really use the tool that would probably face spatial planning. 03:04:55.960 --> 03:04:58.800 I do not use tools such as zoning plans. 03:04:59.360 --> 03:05:01.800 I don't Use the tools that are typical to architects. 03:05:01.880 --> 03:05:08.080 Shifts, architectural visualizations, drawings are sometimes very intimidating. 03:05:09.440 --> 03:05:13.160 They do not really communicate well what we would like to achieve. 03:05:13.240 --> 03:05:19.360 So instead I use such tools that can really transfer the vision 03:05:20.160 --> 03:05:23.120 of the city in an accessible way. 03:05:25.440 --> 03:05:27.760 I've been partly successful. 03:05:29.040 --> 03:05:31.120 For example, during the coffee break, 03:05:31.200 --> 03:05:36.560 I got a text message from the director of the Road Authority that they started 03:05:36.720 --> 03:05:42.000 prototyping this main artery here, between 03:05:42.240 --> 03:05:44.480 the Market Square and the railway station. 03:05:45.120 --> 03:05:46.800 And this is actually my idea. 03:05:46.880 --> 03:05:53.240 So the road will be made a bit narrower, but some spaces for benches, 03:05:53.320 --> 03:05:56.480 for cafes will be created. 03:05:56.560 --> 03:06:00.520 So we would of course like to rebuild the entire street. 03:06:01.080 --> 03:06:06.600 But following best practices, we try to test it first, 03:06:07.800 --> 03:06:11.400 try to reshape the purpose. 03:06:12.440 --> 03:06:17.120 So I start to simply reach out to the community members, 03:06:17.920 --> 03:06:23.200 also sharing my scientific expertise, producing the language that is 03:06:23.760 --> 03:06:24.880 accessible to them. 03:06:25.280 --> 03:06:30.480 So thinking about what this architect's role is in 2025, 03:06:30.880 --> 03:06:37.120 it becomes obvious that it cannot be Carl Shabik, like a person 03:06:38.080 --> 03:06:41.360 that the community knew some 70 or 80 years ago. 03:06:41.600 --> 03:06:42.960 Imposing solutions. 03:06:44.560 --> 03:06:47.120 I cannot be a star architect 03:06:49.760 --> 03:06:52.560 inspired by the Corbusier's thought 03:06:53.040 --> 03:06:57.480 that is so much present in urban planning all around the place. 03:06:57.560 --> 03:07:02.800 I understand that the city architect has to be a specialist, an expert. 03:07:03.040 --> 03:07:09.120 This person might be an engineer, actually, that can pass over some 03:07:09.200 --> 03:07:12.080 of his or her capacities to imagination. 03:07:12.160 --> 03:07:16.760 Because regardless of what labor we apply, whether it's a city architect or urban 03:07:16.840 --> 03:07:20.000 designer, regardless of how we define the tools that obviously we need, 03:07:20.240 --> 03:07:25.680 what appears to be most important is to have faith 03:07:26.560 --> 03:07:32.200 in the possibility of introducing changes provided. 03:07:33.000 --> 03:07:38.560 And actually, this is something that summarizes the role as I see it. 03:07:38.640 --> 03:07:41.400 And that's my call to you as well. Thank you. 03:07:48.440 --> 03:07:49.200 Thank you very much. 03:07:49.280 --> 03:07:53.040 The next presentation has been prepared by Ms. Eva Amelik, 03:07:53.120 --> 03:07:54.760 who I hope is here in the room. 03:07:55.560 --> 03:08:00.200 Hi, good morning. Afternoon already? 03:08:00.280 --> 03:08:00.680 Almost. 03:08:01.640 --> 03:08:04.800 Apparently my slides are not here, which is a pity, because we 03:08:04.880 --> 03:08:06.840 have some very nice pictures. 03:08:07.720 --> 03:08:13.400 But I will talk you through our work. 03:08:13.720 --> 03:08:16.040 What we do as a Flemish government architect. 03:08:16.520 --> 03:08:20.840 We already heard Christian Bouretz today, 03:08:21.160 --> 03:08:23.600 which is the government architect 03:08:23.680 --> 03:08:25.320 of the branch Brussels capital region. 03:08:26.280 --> 03:08:31.800 What we do is more or less parallel thing in Flanders. 03:08:32.760 --> 03:08:36.800 Our mission is to improve and promote the architectural quality of the built 03:08:36.880 --> 03:08:40.320 environment by achieving an excellent architectural 03:08:40.400 --> 03:08:44.680 policy and an exemplary public commissioning practice. 03:08:46.040 --> 03:08:50.560 We do this by advising and guiding clients, governments and other public 03:08:50.640 --> 03:08:55.280 authorities with the aim to improve the quality of their projects. 03:08:55.520 --> 03:09:00.720 We also try to create opportunities for young and international designers. 03:09:01.280 --> 03:09:05.880 And we actively contribute to vision and reflection in the fields 03:09:05.960 --> 03:09:08.000 of architecture, urbanism and landscape. 03:09:08.640 --> 03:09:12.160 The Flemish government's architect only gives advice. 03:09:12.240 --> 03:09:14.880 He has no power to decide. 03:09:15.440 --> 03:09:20.760 And a common quote that we use is, is the Flemish government's architect can 03:09:20.840 --> 03:09:24.960 talk about everything, because he doesn't have a say in anything. 03:09:28.080 --> 03:09:33.360 So Flemish government architect is appointed by the Flemish government 03:09:34.000 --> 03:09:37.120 as an expert for five years. And each. 03:09:37.200 --> 03:09:42.240 Well, I wanted to show you them, but there has been six already 03:09:42.400 --> 03:09:44.840 and each has their own, own accents. 03:09:47.080 --> 03:09:51.960 The government architect is supported by a team of 15 architects, 03:09:52.040 --> 03:09:54.040 urbanists and landscape architects. 03:09:54.120 --> 03:09:55.480 And the team stays. 03:09:55.880 --> 03:09:58.760 So every five years there is a new government architect. 03:09:58.840 --> 03:10:04.520 But the team is the expertise and the knowledge that stays in the period. 03:10:04.760 --> 03:10:08.040 And we work directly under the Prime Minister, so not under 03:10:08.120 --> 03:10:09.560 culture, not under environment. 03:10:10.280 --> 03:10:15.160 And that way we can work for all ministers and work very horizontally, 03:10:15.240 --> 03:10:16.840 very transversally for everyone. 03:10:18.360 --> 03:10:23.240 The tools we use focus on public commissioning, on research by design, 03:10:23.320 --> 03:10:26.280 spatial research and so on. 03:10:26.920 --> 03:10:30.040 But I wanted to talk to you about the Open Call. 03:10:30.840 --> 03:10:33.960 So luckily on our website of the Flemish government architect, 03:10:34.040 --> 03:10:37.960 when you put it in Google, you will find there is a beautiful booklet made 03:10:38.600 --> 03:10:44.280 of a new Open Call which has the 10 steps that I will guide you quickly through 03:10:45.320 --> 03:10:46.520 with beautiful drawings. 03:10:46.600 --> 03:10:48.200 So please go to the website. 03:10:48.920 --> 03:10:53.800 I would say I will show you, but the presentation is not here. 03:10:56.440 --> 03:11:00.480 The Open Call exists since the year 03:11:00.560 --> 03:11:03.920 2000 and 20, so it's already 25 years. 03:11:04.560 --> 03:11:09.440 We in this Open call, we guide public or 03:11:10.560 --> 03:11:14.640 semi public authorities in defining the 03:11:14.720 --> 03:11:16.960 scope and the ambitions for their project. 03:11:17.440 --> 03:11:22.240 And we advise them during the procedure of the selection of a design team. 03:11:24.080 --> 03:11:28.720 In doing this, we aim for high quality, of course, for each project project. 03:11:29.200 --> 03:11:32.880 But in addition, by doing these projects we are working 03:11:32.960 --> 03:11:35.280 on a strong architectural field. 03:11:37.360 --> 03:11:42.560 With the Open call, more than 350 projects are realized until now, 03:11:42.960 --> 03:11:47.080 and a lot of young architects and less young architects got the chance 03:11:47.160 --> 03:11:49.120 to build public projects. 03:11:49.200 --> 03:11:53.920 And that results in a very strong architectural culture in Flanders. 03:11:54.160 --> 03:11:57.160 We see that the public commissioning during the year 03:11:58.080 --> 03:12:01.680 had the potential of being a model for innovation 03:12:02.480 --> 03:12:04.880 and has the power to set the tone. 03:12:05.120 --> 03:12:07.760 Also for private investors. 03:12:10.800 --> 03:12:15.120 The Open Call stands for responsible Commissioning. 03:12:15.200 --> 03:12:17.440 There is a few things that we find really important, 03:12:18.080 --> 03:12:21.760 and that is the project definition, for example, who 03:12:23.760 --> 03:12:25.720 the client in fact has to drive. 03:12:26.840 --> 03:12:33.320 And what we find really important there is that they put ambitions forward, 03:12:33.800 --> 03:12:39.080 ambitions in a cultural way, in a social way, societal way. 03:12:39.960 --> 03:12:45.080 And these ambitions will serve as a guideline throughout the whole procedure. 03:12:46.680 --> 03:12:51.280 We of course commit to responsible use of space, materials and resources. 03:12:53.080 --> 03:12:58.120 We want to bring public assignments widely to the attention of design community 03:12:59.560 --> 03:13:04.200 and we try to engage diverse design attitudes 03:13:05.640 --> 03:13:09.520 in the open call, something that we find really important is dialog. 03:13:09.600 --> 03:13:14.360 Dialog between the client and the designer. 03:13:15.160 --> 03:13:17.560 We do this already in the procedure. 03:13:17.640 --> 03:13:19.480 Procedure and also afterwards. 03:13:20.040 --> 03:13:21.000 It's very important. 03:13:25.880 --> 03:13:29.400 And that's also why we choose a designer with a design vision 03:13:29.480 --> 03:13:30.760 and not a final design. 03:13:31.240 --> 03:13:35.360 Because we believe that in the procedure you can have some kind of dialog. 03:13:35.440 --> 03:13:40.760 But it's really necessary when the procedure is done and the final design 03:13:40.840 --> 03:13:46.360 team is chosen, that you can work together with them to elaborate your project 03:13:46.440 --> 03:13:49.040 in a way that fits the client best. 03:13:51.440 --> 03:13:55.520 We make use of a very integrated approach and assessment. 03:13:56.000 --> 03:13:58.720 Quality cannot be measured in separate parts. 03:13:59.040 --> 03:14:03.360 Sometimes you have a lot of award criteria and you have to assess them separately 03:14:03.440 --> 03:14:08.960 and it results in a disintegrated way of looking at a project. 03:14:09.520 --> 03:14:10.640 Instead we. 03:14:12.200 --> 03:14:17.480 Yeah, we limit those criteria and we focus on quality and on ambitions, 03:14:18.280 --> 03:14:24.320 and we evaluate them in an integrated and comprehensive way so that it reflects 03:14:24.400 --> 03:14:27.880 also the evaluation that we make in the award committee. 03:14:29.240 --> 03:14:32.720 And finally, knowledge exchange between designers, 03:14:32.800 --> 03:14:36.960 public authorities and the wider public, like the Brussels governments are. 03:14:37.040 --> 03:14:43.760 Architect. Did we publish all assignments and also 03:14:44.160 --> 03:14:46.400 the design proposals on our website. 03:14:50.240 --> 03:14:56.320 Then the open call I had prepared in 10 steps to take you through it. 03:14:57.760 --> 03:14:59.440 But I'm not sure if. 03:15:00.320 --> 03:15:02.480 Yeah, I can. What is the timing? 03:15:03.120 --> 03:15:06.240 Sorry, the timing is short. I know. 03:15:12.320 --> 03:15:13.840 Three minutes. Okay. 03:15:14.800 --> 03:15:15.440 Okay. 03:15:16.240 --> 03:15:21.920 I'll try to highlight some things that we do in these 10 steps. 03:15:22.000 --> 03:15:24.720 It's a bit difficult without the presentation. 03:15:32.000 --> 03:15:32.880 Sorry about this. 03:15:35.200 --> 03:15:39.440 What we find really important in the procedure is a phase zero, 03:15:40.240 --> 03:15:45.680 so every public and semi public client can come to us with a question. 03:15:46.400 --> 03:15:52.360 Look, we think we have a project here, and what we do is putting a lot 03:15:52.440 --> 03:15:54.960 of effort in the first phase. 03:15:55.040 --> 03:16:00.000 In this phase zero, where we define what is the project, what are your needs, 03:16:00.240 --> 03:16:01.440 what are your ambitions. 03:16:02.000 --> 03:16:07.920 We exchange over all these preconditions of the project and also 03:16:08.720 --> 03:16:11.120 help to set the correct ambitions. 03:16:12.880 --> 03:16:15.760 We list them together with the client. 03:16:15.840 --> 03:16:19.200 We put them in a sort of. 03:16:19.840 --> 03:16:25.360 Well, an agreement memorandum where we decide on how this project 03:16:25.480 --> 03:16:28.840 project will be taken on in the open call. 03:16:28.920 --> 03:16:34.120 And this serves as a reference throughout the whole procedure. 03:16:34.200 --> 03:16:41.080 So the design teams get this project definition with all the ambitions. 03:16:43.160 --> 03:16:45.200 In the first stage, in the selection phase, 03:16:45.280 --> 03:16:48.600 they have to show us, like Christiane also said, 03:16:49.640 --> 03:16:55.280 references which show us that they understand these ambitions and to see 03:16:55.360 --> 03:16:58.000 what they would put forward in a first. 03:17:01.440 --> 03:17:05.240 Yeah, a first text of telling what they 03:17:05.320 --> 03:17:09.720 want to do and what they think 03:17:09.800 --> 03:17:12.080 is at stake in the assignment. 03:17:13.840 --> 03:17:16.800 What we also do is then, with a client, 03:17:19.360 --> 03:17:21.400 to have their mandate to publish it 03:17:21.480 --> 03:17:24.000 in the Open call, which is published twice in year. 03:17:24.240 --> 03:17:30.080 So we group the assignments in an open call that is in October and in March. 03:17:30.480 --> 03:17:35.200 And by grouping the assignments, the designers have to have the chance to 03:17:36.960 --> 03:17:40.800 candidate for the project in a targeted way, 03:17:41.040 --> 03:17:47.840 so that they can see am I interested in this project or do I prefer the other one. 03:17:48.640 --> 03:17:52.960 And then after they selected, the government architect carefully draws 03:17:53.040 --> 03:17:53.980 up the short 03:17:55.160 --> 03:18:00.440 from which the client then will select the 03:18:00.520 --> 03:18:03.960 designers who can put forward a tender. 03:18:04.840 --> 03:18:09.160 We do briefings after that with the selected designers, 03:18:09.880 --> 03:18:16.120 where the client needs to inform the designers on their 03:18:16.200 --> 03:18:18.040 ambitions on the project. 03:18:19.800 --> 03:18:25.000 And the designers have the chance, the opportunity to ask questions 03:18:25.080 --> 03:18:28.320 in an open dialog with the client. 03:18:29.680 --> 03:18:35.360 They prepare a tender and that is the time where they also 03:18:36.640 --> 03:18:38.640 gather a team, a design team. 03:18:38.880 --> 03:18:43.280 So for the first selection they apply with the designer only. 03:18:43.680 --> 03:18:47.680 And then by getting to know the project better, 03:18:48.000 --> 03:18:52.920 they're able to form a design team that meets all the requirements 03:18:53.000 --> 03:18:54.080 and the expertises. 03:18:57.360 --> 03:19:02.480 Presentations are open to all the selected design teams. 03:19:02.640 --> 03:19:03.680 Questions are asked. 03:19:03.760 --> 03:19:05.960 So the dialog is throughout the. 03:19:06.040 --> 03:19:07.200 The whole procedure. 03:19:11.040 --> 03:19:11.400 Yeah. 03:19:11.480 --> 03:19:16.240 And then also afterwards, what we also find important is that 03:19:18.800 --> 03:19:23.240 the Flemish government architect stays involved and we monitor 03:19:23.320 --> 03:19:24.960 the evolution of the design process. 03:19:25.040 --> 03:19:28.640 Also after the award phase, 03:19:30.320 --> 03:19:32.320 to see if that frame of the project 03:19:32.400 --> 03:19:37.600 definition and the ambitions are still in the final design. 03:19:39.360 --> 03:19:40.000 Thank you. 03:19:45.840 --> 03:19:47.640 Thank you very much, Eva. I'm sorry about that. 03:19:47.720 --> 03:19:48.720 We missed the presentation. 03:19:48.800 --> 03:19:50.640 Probably it's somewhere in our computers. 03:19:50.720 --> 03:19:52.080 Not in mine, unfortunately. 03:19:52.720 --> 03:19:55.360 But we will find it and they will be available later on. 03:19:55.440 --> 03:19:57.680 So you can come back to this. To this thing. 03:20:00.960 --> 03:20:03.440 Ladies and gentlemen, in the last introductory presentation 03:20:03.520 --> 03:20:07.560 prior to the discussion panel, I would like to invite Barski, 03:20:07.640 --> 03:20:09.400 the architect of the City of. 03:20:10.120 --> 03:20:16.440 I'd like to thank Professor Lawrence, City Architect. 03:20:16.520 --> 03:20:21.520 Thanks for the invitation to this very interesting conference. 03:20:21.600 --> 03:20:28.280 A great platform for us to exchange expertise to enrich our knowledge. 03:20:28.360 --> 03:20:29.880 So thank you very much once again. 03:20:32.920 --> 03:20:35.480 What can the architects City do? 03:20:35.560 --> 03:20:41.160 That's how I entitled my presentation as inspired by the organizers. 03:20:41.880 --> 03:20:46.280 I do not have a presentation and that's purposeful. 03:20:46.360 --> 03:20:52.040 I believe that such a form of contribution is short enough for me to be 03:20:52.120 --> 03:20:53.440 able to draw your attention. 03:20:53.520 --> 03:20:57.000 I start not to exceed the time limit of 10 minutes. 03:20:57.240 --> 03:21:00.400 Should I fail to do so, please switch the like. 03:21:00.880 --> 03:21:03.840 What can city architects do? 03:21:05.280 --> 03:21:07.840 That's quite general question. 03:21:08.080 --> 03:21:13.040 It seems that if we looked at it from the point of view of 03:21:14.080 --> 03:21:18.880 legislative acts, there isn't such a staying function position. 03:21:19.600 --> 03:21:23.520 You name it, because that's simply something that has not been defined yet. 03:21:24.000 --> 03:21:26.680 As for me, I was appointed 03:21:29.240 --> 03:21:31.560 as the city Architect of Wroclaw 03:21:31.640 --> 03:21:36.680 in January this year, the ordinance of the city mayor. 03:21:38.040 --> 03:21:39.320 After a few years, 03:21:43.880 --> 03:21:46.080 the period was such a person was 03:21:46.160 --> 03:21:48.120 non existent in the structure. 03:21:48.200 --> 03:21:53.400 I was not appointed on my own, but the entire team of Rasop 03:21:53.480 --> 03:21:58.480 city architect was established with outstanding 03:21:58.560 --> 03:22:00.200 representatives of this field. 03:22:00.280 --> 03:22:06.920 In Rap, it's not possible to introduce any hierarchy here. 03:22:07.000 --> 03:22:10.000 But we have for example, the dean of the Faculty of Architecture, 03:22:10.080 --> 03:22:14.960 the head of the Lower Seidijar Chamber of Architects, 03:22:15.520 --> 03:22:20.320 Chamber of Civil Engineers in Ratsav, the head of the association 03:22:20.400 --> 03:22:22.880 of Polish Architects in Wrocaw. 03:22:27.280 --> 03:22:33.200 Architect Architect preserves monuments as well him 03:22:33.840 --> 03:22:38.440 suggested by the milieu, the head of the Department of Planning 03:22:38.520 --> 03:22:41.280 and also the rector of the Faculty of Architecture. 03:22:43.440 --> 03:22:45.680 That's the team as of today. 03:22:47.280 --> 03:22:52.400 So what can I as the city architect do heading the entire team? 03:22:54.240 --> 03:22:55.600 Please pay attention to the fact 03:23:01.360 --> 03:23:04.160 that the job description of every 03:23:04.240 --> 03:23:08.480 architect city architects in Poland differs from that 03:23:09.920 --> 03:23:16.640 from their counterpart in another city, Professor Sepio, Professor Loren. 03:23:16.720 --> 03:23:21.640 So obviously these are the examples of city architects 03:23:21.720 --> 03:23:24.880 who have their teams supporting their work. 03:23:28.480 --> 03:23:31.360 So this is like the team they cooperate with. 03:23:31.440 --> 03:23:35.520 Whilst my team is actually an advisory one, that's an opinion issuing body 03:23:36.160 --> 03:23:37.800 by reporting to the team. 03:23:38.600 --> 03:23:42.760 But the tasks the team performs are really soft tasks, that's issuing opinions 03:23:42.840 --> 03:23:46.200 on projects, for example, I'm going to use 03:23:46.280 --> 03:23:51.280 my notes to be precise about that scope. 03:23:51.360 --> 03:23:56.560 So they analyze city spacious projects, 03:23:56.640 --> 03:23:59.560 they help formulate applications, 03:23:59.640 --> 03:24:04.560 they consult architectural concepts, they participate in supporting 03:24:04.640 --> 03:24:09.000 initiatives, they participate in goes to coordinate actions, 03:24:09.080 --> 03:24:14.000 issuing opinions, participation in urban and architectural competitions, 03:24:14.080 --> 03:24:20.600 issuing recommendations and formulating tasks and remarks 03:24:20.680 --> 03:24:27.080 supporting harmonious solutions, solutions, responding to important climate 03:24:27.160 --> 03:24:31.840 related challenges, challenges, ensuring cultural continuity 03:24:31.920 --> 03:24:35.760 and respecting the spatial integrity of the city. 03:24:35.840 --> 03:24:39.040 So that's the set of soft tasks. 03:24:39.840 --> 03:24:44.240 But if we wanted to put them differently, we could say 03:24:48.080 --> 03:24:53.200 we could use the notion that we've been discussing throughout the conference, 03:24:53.760 --> 03:24:58.560 their tasks up policies, Policies of different kind, of course, very useful. 03:24:58.640 --> 03:25:03.320 But let's leave the current situation aside, that of mine and my team. 03:25:05.720 --> 03:25:10.120 Let us have a look back over our shoulder. 03:25:10.840 --> 03:25:13.920 So there was this moment, the short period without a city architect, 03:25:14.000 --> 03:25:17.560 but prior to that had always had an architect. 03:25:17.800 --> 03:25:22.920 Some hundred years ago we had an urban architect like the one 03:25:23.000 --> 03:25:25.400 in the Visa, that would simply design the old city. 03:25:25.480 --> 03:25:28.240 You've all heard about Magsburg, but also 03:25:29.040 --> 03:25:32.880 later on the city had an architect, 03:25:35.200 --> 03:25:39.440 but whether the competence is somehow set in the legal acts? 03:25:39.520 --> 03:25:45.920 Not really, but the soft power was used, has always been used 03:25:46.600 --> 03:25:51.800 by city architects so as to implement architectural solutions, 03:25:51.880 --> 03:25:53.280 turning theory into practice. 03:25:53.360 --> 03:25:58.600 And as we heard a moment ago during one of the previous panels I also believe 03:25:59.400 --> 03:26:04.360 that, well, we've always somehow succeeded in this endeavor. 03:26:04.440 --> 03:26:11.080 In Wroclaw, it's my pleasure to be working for local government ever since 2001. 03:26:11.160 --> 03:26:15.040 So soon I'll celebrate the 25th anniversary. 03:26:16.000 --> 03:26:18.640 For 15 years now I've been working as the head of the department 03:26:19.280 --> 03:26:22.680 that was given different names of Architecture and Construction Strategy 03:26:22.760 --> 03:26:23.600 for Development. 03:26:23.840 --> 03:26:26.640 Now it's called Urban Planning and Architecture. 03:26:26.720 --> 03:26:32.320 Regardless of the name, what matters is that every now and again, 03:26:32.560 --> 03:26:34.640 obviously not obviously, but every now and again. 03:26:40.280 --> 03:26:42.280 The. Headcount changed in this department. 03:26:45.640 --> 03:26:48.280 But regardless of how many divisions and employees we had, 03:26:48.760 --> 03:26:51.840 there have always been three that I believe to be leading ones. 03:26:51.920 --> 03:26:54.120 That of Spatial Planning, that of Architecture 03:26:55.240 --> 03:26:58.040 and that of Monument Preservation. 03:27:01.480 --> 03:27:07.400 In terms of planning later, the head of the team 03:27:08.600 --> 03:27:13.400 was always someone whom we called City Urban Planner, 03:27:14.120 --> 03:27:19.960 Architecture and Design we had someone who in our bylaws was called City Architect. 03:27:20.200 --> 03:27:22.680 Whilst in the Monument Preservation division 03:27:23.880 --> 03:27:27.480 there was an agreement signed between the sitting mayor and the robots 03:27:27.560 --> 03:27:33.640 and the head was the person called the City Monument Reservation Officer. 03:27:33.800 --> 03:27:38.520 I was the head of a department and ever since I was appointed to be one, 03:27:39.240 --> 03:27:44.560 I considered a task to be my priority. 03:27:44.640 --> 03:27:50.880 A task involving Krishna of a platform that would enable the three 03:27:50.960 --> 03:27:56.920 divisions and their employees to trust, inform one another about their proceedings 03:27:57.560 --> 03:28:03.080 and to enable discussion among them on how to shape spaces in the city. 03:28:05.720 --> 03:28:07.240 That was a long time ago. 03:28:07.960 --> 03:28:11.640 I know that similar solutions have not always been the case 03:28:11.720 --> 03:28:12.920 in all the other cities. 03:28:14.200 --> 03:28:17.640 But colleagues from other cities would come to WROCAW and ask us because how 03:28:18.200 --> 03:28:19.080 are you doing it? 03:28:19.560 --> 03:28:23.160 And actually that that was the way we operated. 03:28:23.320 --> 03:28:26.760 We introduced just soft policies, just our convictions. 03:28:28.120 --> 03:28:29.960 Never have we had any other tools. 03:28:30.040 --> 03:28:35.640 And I believe that this is something that shows as a successful strategy 03:28:36.840 --> 03:28:41.400 now the embodiment of this kind of acting. 03:28:44.360 --> 03:28:47.600 There have been, for example, competitions that we mentioned some iconic 03:28:47.680 --> 03:28:49.720 projects, again out of chronological order. 03:28:49.800 --> 03:28:53.080 A moment ago, during the coffee break, I'll talk to Madame professor 03:28:54.440 --> 03:29:00.040 about a facility of the Capital Musical Theater in Wroclaw. 03:29:00.120 --> 03:29:02.920 But we also have some fantastic facilities, like for example, 03:29:03.720 --> 03:29:08.440 National Music Forum, the Airport, City Stadium. 03:29:08.840 --> 03:29:12.920 All these are facilities that were created as the results 03:29:13.080 --> 03:29:14.840 of architectural competitions. 03:29:15.720 --> 03:29:21.080 And we have a 60 year tradition of a competition that has changed its name. 03:29:21.400 --> 03:29:24.840 Beautiful. WROCAW is the last version of the name. 03:29:25.800 --> 03:29:28.920 And this is a competition within which 03:29:31.720 --> 03:29:34.200 the association of Wroclaw Lovers in the M 03:29:35.000 --> 03:29:39.240 award all sorts of projects like Sengo Family House as public spaces, 03:29:39.480 --> 03:29:42.680 revitalized historic buildings and so on. 03:29:43.000 --> 03:29:48.400 And these buildings are awarded prizes once a year for best 03:29:48.480 --> 03:29:51.800 architectural intervention in 2016. 03:29:52.120 --> 03:29:56.080 Wroclaw was the European capital of culture. 03:29:56.160 --> 03:30:01.640 As the first sitting the cycle in Europe, it introduced a new domain 03:30:04.080 --> 03:30:05.640 that was the domain of architecture. 03:30:05.720 --> 03:30:09.600 It was only much later that architecture started to be perceived as 03:30:09.680 --> 03:30:11.520 a sub domain of culture. 03:30:13.440 --> 03:30:19.040 During the break, I talked with someone about different scales 03:30:19.120 --> 03:30:21.640 of planning and differences between them. 03:30:21.720 --> 03:30:25.840 I wouldn't like to take too much of your time, but it is just to say that we've 03:30:25.920 --> 03:30:29.000 been working on the strategy of the city of Puerto Rico, 03:30:29.600 --> 03:30:32.520 the one that goes beyond the Horizon 2030. 03:30:32.600 --> 03:30:35.840 Now we are working on the horizon till the year 2015. 03:30:35.920 --> 03:30:41.800 Both these strategies, beauty has been defined in a multifaceted way. 03:30:41.880 --> 03:30:46.800 And the beauty is one of the key values that we actually put into our strategy. 03:30:46.880 --> 03:30:49.840 Why am I preaching about that? 03:30:53.920 --> 03:31:00.560 Once again, let me emphasize I am in favor of 03:31:02.320 --> 03:31:07.600 implementing a variety of programs that we can abide by on a national level, 03:31:07.680 --> 03:31:09.280 first and foremost locally as well. 03:31:09.360 --> 03:31:12.040 But please pay attention to the fact. 03:31:12.120 --> 03:31:15.600 And again, I'm presenting our achievements as 03:31:16.720 --> 03:31:20.320 something to prove the point that actually local plans and strategies 03:31:21.200 --> 03:31:23.320 can can be efficiently implemented. 03:31:27.880 --> 03:31:33.240 Yesterday, a distinguished colleague of mine encouraged us all to act 03:31:34.360 --> 03:31:36.920 from scratch, relying on strategies. 03:31:37.080 --> 03:31:39.160 This is what we've been doing anyway. 03:31:48.360 --> 03:31:48.600 Here. 03:31:51.560 --> 03:31:57.000 Anyway, a mechanism is required related to this negative activity. 03:31:57.080 --> 03:32:02.120 So, for example, having a chance to actually refuse 03:32:03.800 --> 03:32:07.000 to give consent to certain projects. 03:32:07.080 --> 03:32:10.040 These are public initiatives after all. 03:32:10.120 --> 03:32:14.240 And when a competition is organized, then 03:32:14.800 --> 03:32:18.320 we will reach a solution that we need. 03:32:18.400 --> 03:32:23.840 So we do not need an additional tool to refuse a construction permit. 03:32:23.920 --> 03:32:27.120 But a number of private investments 03:32:27.440 --> 03:32:30.960 outdoes the public ones hugely. 03:32:31.040 --> 03:32:36.640 And we cannot simply force anything upon the private investors, 03:32:37.520 --> 03:32:41.720 neither the city or the parish association, enough architects 03:32:41.880 --> 03:32:43.640 can do anything about that. 03:32:45.000 --> 03:32:50.880 I'm talking about a situation in which anyone city architect or the head 03:32:50.960 --> 03:32:57.200 of the architecture department, well, they struggle with thousands 03:32:57.280 --> 03:33:01.600 of applications for construction permit, but they do not have a single tool 03:33:01.680 --> 03:33:04.360 to safeguard themselves against this private sector 03:33:05.320 --> 03:33:11.320 of investment flooding the city city with these projects, 03:33:12.120 --> 03:33:18.600 but actually turn our city into a place full of buildings that we 03:33:18.680 --> 03:33:20.120 wouldn't like to have around. 03:33:20.200 --> 03:33:23.600 So I agree that there should be architectural policies. 03:33:23.680 --> 03:33:27.560 And by saying so, I would also like to call us 03:33:28.760 --> 03:33:32.600 architects, city architects or many other kind of architects to actually 03:33:33.000 --> 03:33:35.400 exert certain pressure on our MPs. 03:33:35.560 --> 03:33:39.160 So the tools are generated that will make it possible for us to care 03:33:39.320 --> 03:33:41.600 for the public spatial order. 03:33:41.680 --> 03:33:46.040 Not everything can be achieved by means of grassroots initiatives 03:33:46.120 --> 03:33:48.080 or bottom up actions. 03:33:48.160 --> 03:33:53.000 Geneteski, you probably know the answer the question I'm going to pose just now. 03:33:55.240 --> 03:33:58.680 I used to ask my students a question during one of the first lectures. 03:33:59.240 --> 03:34:02.320 What is your association with 1863? 03:34:07.760 --> 03:34:11.720 These were the classes, well, advanced ones. 03:34:11.800 --> 03:34:15.440 I hoped them to say that that was the year when the first metro line 03:34:16.480 --> 03:34:18.920 was delivered in London. 03:34:19.000 --> 03:34:20.320 But what happened in Poland? 03:34:20.880 --> 03:34:23.920 Well, grassroots initiatives is something that we excel. 03:34:26.920 --> 03:34:30.120 But then the January uprising started. 03:34:32.360 --> 03:34:37.320 Ladies and gentlemen, sorry for rushing our panelists, but we are 03:34:37.800 --> 03:34:39.320 really out of time. So now. 03:34:41.880 --> 03:34:45.800 From Esther Cooperative from Barcelona, Laura K. 03:34:47.000 --> 03:34:48.720 Vilnius City architect. 03:34:48.800 --> 03:34:49.960 Laura, please join us. 03:34:51.000 --> 03:34:54.480 Bjorn cio, who is the Getterborg city architect. 03:34:55.920 --> 03:34:57.120 Bjorn, are you with us? 03:34:57.760 --> 03:34:58.960 Hopefully. Okay. 03:35:03.360 --> 03:35:06.240 I'd like to also invite Ms. Magdalena Kozyn Vojcik 03:35:06.320 --> 03:35:12.080 of Krakow University Technical University, Mr. Yanush Sepio, the 03:35:12.880 --> 03:35:16.720 city architect of Krakow, and Ms. Margusata Tomczak, once again 03:35:18.000 --> 03:35:21.120 editor in chief of the Architecture and Business newspaper. 03:35:21.200 --> 03:35:23.840 So we have a strong representation. 03:35:25.760 --> 03:35:27.520 Okay, let's start in Polish. 03:35:29.680 --> 03:35:32.200 A bit easier this way. 03:35:32.280 --> 03:35:38.000 But I do hope that we will be able to answer three or four basic questions. 03:35:38.080 --> 03:35:42.600 And over the next 15 minutes we'll try to fit our debate here, because I 03:35:42.680 --> 03:35:45.240 know there are train planes to catch. 03:35:46.280 --> 03:35:48.760 But the first issue I'd like to address 03:35:51.320 --> 03:35:53.880 and invite you to a short 03:35:54.760 --> 03:35:59.600 answer of two or three minutes is how do you see the role of a city architect? 03:35:59.680 --> 03:36:05.720 Should it be a consultant, an advisor, a master planner, a creator, an organizer? 03:36:05.880 --> 03:36:08.280 Or perhaps someone entirely different? 03:36:08.520 --> 03:36:10.160 What's your take on the master matter? 03:36:10.240 --> 03:36:13.640 And let's start maybe with Mr. Sepio. 03:36:13.720 --> 03:36:17.360 And with that we will move along the sitting order. 03:36:26.560 --> 03:36:28.200 Things used to be simple. 03:36:28.280 --> 03:36:34.760 The city architect tasks was to bring about the initiatives by the city. 03:36:34.840 --> 03:36:38.680 In Krakow we used to have a general gentleman by the name Moravi, 03:36:38.760 --> 03:36:41.440 and he would build everything, waterworks, 03:36:41.520 --> 03:36:48.280 several schools, slaughterhouse, etc. I myself. 03:36:49.880 --> 03:36:53.560 Okay, please keep it brief. 03:36:53.640 --> 03:36:59.880 Okay, so before the war there was a city architect to build things. 03:36:59.960 --> 03:37:02.560 Before the war. During the war he was also continued. 03:37:02.640 --> 03:37:05.160 And after the war he still worked under the communists. 03:37:05.240 --> 03:37:09.360 So the nature of the city was shaped entirely by this single person. 03:37:10.400 --> 03:37:16.400 And Kazimierz Dolny Kycinski created this city. 03:37:17.120 --> 03:37:22.320 So his task is to supply designs in two dimensions. 03:37:22.960 --> 03:37:27.840 First of all, one needs to pick a subject and leading idea. 03:37:27.920 --> 03:37:30.360 This is. This is what Agatha Fardog mentioned. 03:37:31.080 --> 03:37:36.600 She said, okay, I'll have this central alley from the market 03:37:36.680 --> 03:37:39.520 square to the railway station. 03:37:39.600 --> 03:37:41.720 No one has ever thought of it before. 03:37:42.360 --> 03:37:46.680 So he creative director for local self government. 03:37:47.320 --> 03:37:52.520 And he also supervises the quality. 03:37:52.600 --> 03:37:53.720 So he's a quality office. 03:37:54.480 --> 03:38:00.000 He's responsible for having this project brought about by the best person 03:38:00.080 --> 03:38:01.840 available in the best manner available. 03:38:02.800 --> 03:38:08.000 So a City architect is both responsible for picking the projects. 03:38:08.560 --> 03:38:12.640 So he's the creative director and the quality officer. 03:38:14.800 --> 03:38:15.360 Thank you. 03:38:16.880 --> 03:38:17.360 Okay. 03:38:17.440 --> 03:38:23.920 I certainly see the quality of architecture, 03:38:24.000 --> 03:38:27.160 urban planning or regardless of the level that we're operating on. 03:38:27.960 --> 03:38:34.480 I'd say that we shouldn't consider these two elements separately 03:38:34.560 --> 03:38:35.800 when speaking of cities. 03:38:36.920 --> 03:38:42.560 So I do not see it in this manner. 03:38:42.640 --> 03:38:48.200 As my predecessor, I see city as a ship shifting landscape that's 03:38:48.280 --> 03:38:52.120 subject to various processes and comprehension of this process 03:38:52.280 --> 03:38:56.040 in this changing city landscape is a. Key. 03:38:58.120 --> 03:39:01.800 Competence of an architect, of a city architect, 03:39:01.960 --> 03:39:05.960 who cares who is responsible for the quality of space, 03:39:06.120 --> 03:39:08.680 as a key element for communicating 03:39:13.440 --> 03:39:14.800 message to stakeholders, 03:39:15.360 --> 03:39:18.640 with all being seen as a common good. 03:39:19.360 --> 03:39:24.000 So by stakeholders I mean the developers and all sorts of groups that 03:39:24.480 --> 03:39:26.080 Ms. Janet mentioned before. 03:39:29.440 --> 03:39:35.360 These groups are not adversaries, 03:39:36.240 --> 03:39:41.560 because in general there is a common goal and this is probably where the 03:39:42.360 --> 03:39:43.800 city architect should sit. 03:39:46.120 --> 03:39:50.240 Well, you've been rushing us, so I'll speak very shortly and just chip 03:39:50.320 --> 03:39:55.480 in that city architect should be a negotiator. 03:39:56.040 --> 03:40:01.080 And Magda and Janus mentioned quality, so I won't mention that again to save time. 03:40:01.640 --> 03:40:04.280 But I think that he should be in the space. 03:40:05.160 --> 03:40:08.280 We are at the point of development of our cities, 03:40:09.880 --> 03:40:15.760 that we desperately should have a city architect for every major and mid sized 03:40:15.840 --> 03:40:22.360 city to take care of the space so that we do not exacerbate the crisis. 03:40:22.920 --> 03:40:26.680 And that's why we've also signed the pact for space which was signed 03:40:26.760 --> 03:40:31.720 by Magdalen Dianos, because we are really fed up with these uncoordinated efforts. 03:40:31.800 --> 03:40:36.920 So he should be an architect, should be a custodian of this space. 03:40:37.000 --> 03:40:43.720 He should have all the skills for being a negotiator, a creator, a scholar, etc. 03:40:44.040 --> 03:40:47.040 Okay, and how about the foreign take? Bjorn? 03:40:47.120 --> 03:40:52.280 Laura, this one here. 03:40:53.480 --> 03:40:56.040 Well, I would say that we're. 03:40:56.120 --> 03:40:58.440 When we talked about this the first day, 03:40:59.400 --> 03:41:03.720 Tuesday, we talked about curating quality, 03:41:04.600 --> 03:41:08.880 because the city architect doesn't really, not in Gothenburg and not in so 03:41:08.960 --> 03:41:11.160 many places, decide over everything. 03:41:11.560 --> 03:41:15.800 But curating quality, making it possible 03:41:16.360 --> 03:41:19.560 to make the good choices and to build 03:41:19.960 --> 03:41:24.480 the right cities, is perhaps what I've been working with for 13 years. 03:41:24.640 --> 03:41:28.480 I didn't have a predecessor, not this millennium anyhow. 03:41:29.040 --> 03:41:34.560 So I ended up inventing my role as city architect. 03:41:34.640 --> 03:41:38.720 And that was in a way good, because then I could avoid 03:41:41.280 --> 03:41:45.280 some of the traps that occur as a city architect. 03:41:45.440 --> 03:41:51.480 But I'd say in many ways, ways, like Christian from Brussels. 03:41:52.520 --> 03:41:55.720 I've been doing lots of competitions. 03:41:56.280 --> 03:42:01.400 I've also talked a lot to constructors and developers I've also 03:42:01.880 --> 03:42:08.680 negotiated, as you just said here, negotiated quite a bit with people. 03:42:08.920 --> 03:42:11.160 What can you give me if I give you this? 03:42:12.600 --> 03:42:18.520 And I think you need to to be versatile and use all the possible means 03:42:19.160 --> 03:42:22.200 to curate and enable quality. 03:42:23.080 --> 03:42:25.320 We're going to talk about this means in the next question. 03:42:25.400 --> 03:42:27.560 So we have excellent background for that. 03:42:27.640 --> 03:42:28.760 Laura, your point? 03:42:30.280 --> 03:42:32.920 I would like to share my experience 03:42:33.320 --> 03:42:38.280 and that only having law of architecture 03:42:38.440 --> 03:42:42.960 where it's officially written what city chief architect has to do, 03:42:43.920 --> 03:42:48.960 I have already officially written my day work and my responsibilities. 03:42:50.160 --> 03:42:50.560 So. 03:42:52.720 --> 03:42:57.760 Architectural law obliges me to implement all these qualitative 03:42:58.160 --> 03:42:59.400 solutions in the city. 03:42:59.480 --> 03:43:04.480 And there are eight Urban integration, sustainability, beauty, economics, 03:43:04.560 --> 03:43:06.680 all these almost Bauhaus features. Features. 03:43:07.000 --> 03:43:13.320 And I can use it directly day to day worker work with architects, developers. 03:43:13.400 --> 03:43:17.800 Because I am obliged to sign all the projects in Vilnius, 03:43:17.960 --> 03:43:22.360 from very small to very big, all the territory, planning issues. 03:43:22.840 --> 03:43:27.000 I have an obligation to make master plans and strategies. 03:43:27.160 --> 03:43:31.760 I have an obligation to educate, to speak about the architecture. 03:43:31.840 --> 03:43:35.440 Because we have to educate not our architects, but all the other 03:43:35.520 --> 03:43:36.800 ones that do not believe. 03:43:37.280 --> 03:43:42.040 So I want to say that we are dreamers here where lots of dreamers. 03:43:42.120 --> 03:43:43.680 In these two days I saw. 03:43:43.760 --> 03:43:48.880 I do not feel like that in Vilnius, because when you have meet the reality, 03:43:48.960 --> 03:43:53.680 you meet the architects that do not need any education. 03:43:53.920 --> 03:43:57.680 They know very well what's good architecture is. 03:43:57.760 --> 03:44:01.520 But they have the biggest pressure from develop developers 03:44:01.760 --> 03:44:03.120 and they're the dreamers. 03:44:03.200 --> 03:44:06.160 They are going out, they're doing the things. 03:44:06.480 --> 03:44:07.680 So this is the fight. 03:44:08.000 --> 03:44:11.640 The architect is the leader that's advocating good architecture 03:44:11.720 --> 03:44:12.640 in the city, I think. 03:44:12.720 --> 03:44:17.360 Okay, so we can say that additional role is the person who brings 03:44:17.440 --> 03:44:18.640 the dreams back, right? 03:44:18.720 --> 03:44:20.800 Yes, yes, reminds that. 03:44:20.880 --> 03:44:24.200 And we are very fortunate to have also a representative of the other side 03:44:24.280 --> 03:44:26.080 of the table of the civil society. 03:44:26.400 --> 03:44:28.480 So Konstantina, what would be your point on that? 03:44:29.840 --> 03:44:30.320 Yeah. 03:44:32.640 --> 03:44:36.880 So from the other side, I will say that the city architect, 03:44:37.840 --> 03:44:40.960 I mean in general architects, we do not know everything. 03:44:41.360 --> 03:44:42.520 We don't know everything. 03:44:42.600 --> 03:44:45.360 It's something that we should deconstruct as an idea. 03:44:45.760 --> 03:44:47.480 And in order to understand the. 03:44:47.560 --> 03:44:50.800 The situation there, we have to talk with the community, 03:44:50.880 --> 03:44:53.240 we have to to understand the real needs. 03:44:53.640 --> 03:44:59.240 And many times you have seen this mismatch from the local governments, 03:44:59.320 --> 03:45:05.120 the projects that they are implementing and the real needs, they are not there. 03:45:05.200 --> 03:45:07.160 So how do we incorporate the community? 03:45:09.160 --> 03:45:10.600 And it's not just that. 03:45:10.760 --> 03:45:16.280 I mean, what we are doing is mostly participation. 03:45:16.360 --> 03:45:18.320 We like to call it cooperation. 03:45:18.400 --> 03:45:20.560 We are moving towards a different model. 03:45:20.720 --> 03:45:23.600 And cooperation means between administration and community. 03:45:23.760 --> 03:45:27.600 But many times we found ourselves doing cooperation between the administration 03:45:28.080 --> 03:45:32.040 because in many cases the departments didn't talk to each other and many 03:45:32.120 --> 03:45:35.360 projects they were happening in parallel and they were similar to that, 03:45:35.600 --> 03:45:36.680 similar projects. 03:45:36.760 --> 03:45:40.640 So I think that the city architect is not. 03:45:41.440 --> 03:45:43.400 We should work, work. 03:45:43.480 --> 03:45:47.800 They should work in as a team, as a group, try to bring more disciplines, 03:45:47.880 --> 03:45:54.280 try to open up, try to bring the community, then decision making and. 03:45:54.840 --> 03:45:59.920 Yeah, okay, if you allow, I will speak English right 03:46:00.000 --> 03:46:03.920 now because I have a follow up question to that I would like our foreign guests 03:46:04.000 --> 03:46:08.920 to answer first because we speak about, as we discussed, also as Bjorn mentioned, 03:46:09.000 --> 03:46:12.840 you know, we had a little meeting of the, the, of the potential network of the city 03:46:12.920 --> 03:46:14.960 architects on Tuesday afternoon. 03:46:15.440 --> 03:46:18.080 And during that we discussed that actually, indeed this, 03:46:18.800 --> 03:46:21.800 that taking care of the quality of the public space is a kind of one 03:46:21.880 --> 03:46:23.840 of the major tasks of the city architect. 03:46:24.400 --> 03:46:26.880 So regarding that, I would like to ask each and every one 03:46:26.960 --> 03:46:28.960 of you the two following questions. 03:46:29.600 --> 03:46:34.760 First of all, how, how actually to execute that, you know, so which means how to take 03:46:34.840 --> 03:46:36.520 care of the quality of the public space? 03:46:36.680 --> 03:46:40.120 What would be your recommendations coming from your experience? 03:46:40.360 --> 03:46:46.160 But also the second thing is that what defines quality, which we already touched 03:46:46.240 --> 03:46:49.200 a little bit yesterday, which means is it the question only 03:46:49.280 --> 03:46:53.800 of the, of the architectural design or the beauty? 03:46:54.040 --> 03:46:57.640 Or is it also the question of the, of the inclusiveness? 03:46:57.880 --> 03:46:59.480 Or is it the question of the. 03:46:59.800 --> 03:47:04.640 Of balancing social, environmental and economic issues issues? 03:47:05.120 --> 03:47:07.360 Or is it something else maybe? 03:47:07.440 --> 03:47:09.520 Okay, so basically two things. 03:47:10.000 --> 03:47:12.960 How to deal with the quality or how to care about the quality 03:47:13.040 --> 03:47:14.880 and what actually defines quality. 03:47:15.520 --> 03:47:20.840 And the third thing which comes with that, where is what are the borders 03:47:20.920 --> 03:47:22.760 of our competencies as architects? 03:47:22.840 --> 03:47:28.240 Okay, because I mean, architects pretends to know an answer to every question. 03:47:28.720 --> 03:47:33.040 But I know from my experience that in, I mean, there are certain limits actually, 03:47:33.520 --> 03:47:35.040 so we cannot answer all of them. 03:47:35.120 --> 03:47:37.800 So if we can start maybe again from Konstantina in this case. 03:47:37.880 --> 03:47:38.960 Okay, sorry about that. 03:47:39.600 --> 03:47:42.760 But it will allow us to come back to me with the third thing. 03:47:42.840 --> 03:47:43.200 Right? 03:47:44.960 --> 03:47:49.600 Thinking about public spaces, we should think about the users. 03:47:49.840 --> 03:47:52.120 Who are the users? I don't like the word users. 03:47:52.200 --> 03:47:54.000 Okay, but who are the people who are there? 03:47:56.640 --> 03:47:57.840 We will find children. Children. 03:47:57.920 --> 03:48:01.200 No, we'll find people who take care. 03:48:01.280 --> 03:48:07.080 People who are taken care will take people like passing buyers 03:48:07.160 --> 03:48:09.200 will find people staying there. 03:48:09.280 --> 03:48:12.880 So how do we incorporate these perspectives into the design? 03:48:15.280 --> 03:48:20.640 I think that the quality of the public space needs to take 03:48:21.920 --> 03:48:26.800 all the needs and implement them there through the participatory process. 03:48:27.200 --> 03:48:31.440 In the case, for example, of Barcelona, we, we do not. 03:48:31.680 --> 03:48:32.800 I mean, the competitions. 03:48:32.880 --> 03:48:35.280 We are not doing projects, we are doing processes. 03:48:36.560 --> 03:48:39.280 There's. I mean, when we present our pro. 03:48:39.360 --> 03:48:40.960 Our processes. No, it's the. 03:48:41.280 --> 03:48:43.680 The criteria is about the methodology, okay. 03:48:43.760 --> 03:48:46.000 Not about the final document. 03:48:46.080 --> 03:48:48.000 Because it's important to include the community. 03:48:48.240 --> 03:48:51.120 And in many cases, what we are doing is working with. 03:48:53.040 --> 03:48:59.120 With children, for example, in schools, either through workshops, 03:48:59.840 --> 03:49:03.280 to make them understand. What is it to be active citizen? 03:49:03.360 --> 03:49:04.080 What is it? 03:49:04.160 --> 03:49:09.080 I mean, we don't treat them as citizens of the future. 03:49:09.160 --> 03:49:11.040 They're citizens of now, of the present. 03:49:11.280 --> 03:49:14.080 So they have needs that we cannot understand. 03:49:14.560 --> 03:49:17.520 And many times we think that, okay, they're children, they don't know 03:49:18.160 --> 03:49:19.200 what do they need. No. 03:49:19.600 --> 03:49:21.200 Have you ever tried to talk to children? 03:49:22.000 --> 03:49:26.480 And it's amazing because we are transforming the model of governance. 03:49:26.800 --> 03:49:27.840 It's not just about. 03:49:27.920 --> 03:49:30.600 We have a responsibility as architects. 03:49:30.680 --> 03:49:33.720 We are not just building cities, we are not just building public spaces. 03:49:33.800 --> 03:49:36.000 We build society and we have. 03:49:37.200 --> 03:49:40.680 And children should be part of it, because they are the present 03:49:40.760 --> 03:49:41.760 and they are the future. 03:49:42.560 --> 03:49:49.360 And yeah, happily, Barcelona and Catalonia and Spain are pioneers to that these days. 03:49:49.600 --> 03:49:54.400 I've heard that many countries are also following this model, which is exciting. 03:49:55.200 --> 03:50:00.080 And yeah, I believe that cooperation and bringing people into the conversation 03:50:00.480 --> 03:50:04.240 is the key in order to have public spaces of quality. 03:50:04.560 --> 03:50:10.280 And I want to finish with the phrase of Tanucci from Francesco Nucci, 03:50:10.360 --> 03:50:14.200 he's an educator and he said that a city which is good for children 03:50:14.440 --> 03:50:15.880 is good for everyone. 03:50:16.280 --> 03:50:17.800 So let's start from that. 03:50:17.880 --> 03:50:19.080 Okay, thank you. 03:50:19.640 --> 03:50:20.480 Interesting quote. 03:50:20.560 --> 03:50:25.400 I think, Laura, I want to define what is a public space. 03:50:25.720 --> 03:50:26.280 I would. 03:50:26.360 --> 03:50:32.360 If we include streets, and then we should understand that it's urban 03:50:32.440 --> 03:50:35.120 tissue of all the city and the streets have. 03:50:35.200 --> 03:50:36.240 Have their spaces. 03:50:36.720 --> 03:50:39.280 So we need to understand what we're solving. 03:50:39.360 --> 03:50:40.760 What kind of street would we be? 03:50:40.840 --> 03:50:42.320 What kind of piazza it would be? 03:50:42.400 --> 03:50:45.920 I like this, yesterday's topic, soft urbanism. 03:50:46.080 --> 03:50:50.640 So it's not hard urbanism, it's soft urbanism. 03:50:50.720 --> 03:50:54.440 So socio economical issues we're dealing with. 03:50:54.520 --> 03:50:55.760 It's not environmental. 03:50:55.840 --> 03:51:00.000 It's not only the design of the street and this dialog, the bench, 03:51:00.240 --> 03:51:02.560 but it's also the social aspects. 03:51:02.640 --> 03:51:06.440 Where is located this public space, what problem we're solving? 03:51:06.520 --> 03:51:11.120 Maybe it's very sensitive area that we want to sell. 03:51:11.440 --> 03:51:12.000 So it's. 03:51:12.080 --> 03:51:15.640 I agree with you that it's multidisciplinary and architects 03:51:15.720 --> 03:51:19.440 that should understand that they need to involve lots of stakeholders 03:51:19.520 --> 03:51:21.680 and specialists and universities. 03:51:21.760 --> 03:51:26.840 I mean, we need to collaborate with all stakeholders, citizens also. 03:51:26.920 --> 03:51:28.240 It's important invoice. 03:51:28.480 --> 03:51:33.840 So it's Big, big management process to get good, good job done. 03:51:34.960 --> 03:51:35.520 Bjorn? 03:51:36.320 --> 03:51:39.080 Yeah, I was thinking about the same thing there. 03:51:39.160 --> 03:51:42.080 You need absolutely to team up with different 03:51:44.080 --> 03:51:46.080 people who know different things. 03:51:46.400 --> 03:51:52.040 For example, with the public realm, we have a city gardener that is 03:51:52.120 --> 03:51:55.920 a landscape architecture and has the same capabilities as me. 03:51:56.000 --> 03:52:00.920 But about the public realm, we work tightly together because otherwise we 03:52:01.000 --> 03:52:04.880 wouldn't be able to build the right city with the paths 03:52:05.680 --> 03:52:07.760 populated, paths through the city 03:52:08.880 --> 03:52:14.160 hotspots, spaces that are good for people 03:52:15.360 --> 03:52:18.160 that we're working very tightly together on. 03:52:19.200 --> 03:52:22.440 So if you want to be a mediator or a curator, 03:52:22.520 --> 03:52:27.840 you need to first listen and then perhaps be the spokesman for other people. 03:52:27.920 --> 03:52:31.720 In many cases, I think you recognize that too. 03:52:32.360 --> 03:52:36.360 So I'd say that that is tantamount. 03:52:36.600 --> 03:52:42.360 That is what you need to be and do in order to be successful in this. 03:52:42.440 --> 03:52:47.080 Because the knowledge, as you said, you cannot, as an architect, have all 03:52:47.440 --> 03:52:50.520 knowledge, but you can have a little. 03:52:50.600 --> 03:52:55.520 And you could be a generalist and you can listen to people and try to make 03:52:56.000 --> 03:52:58.640 people's wills converge in a way. 03:52:59.360 --> 03:53:01.120 And then when we talk about. 03:53:01.280 --> 03:53:03.120 What was your second question again? 03:53:04.320 --> 03:53:09.160 It was about actually, I mean, there were like two questions, 03:53:09.240 --> 03:53:12.160 you know, first one, what is the quality of the public space 03:53:12.240 --> 03:53:14.880 and how to define it and how to actually kick her? 03:53:15.200 --> 03:53:15.440 That. 03:53:15.760 --> 03:53:19.560 And the second thing was, what are the borders of our 03:53:19.640 --> 03:53:22.320 competencies as our city architects? 03:53:23.040 --> 03:53:23.440 Yes. 03:53:23.520 --> 03:53:27.920 And I'd say when we working with this soft power, 03:53:28.400 --> 03:53:32.240 as we've been talking about earlier, when we working with that, we should. 03:53:32.320 --> 03:53:36.320 And working with quality, we should know that quality is Latin. 03:53:37.040 --> 03:53:39.440 It's about the what. It's about the what. 03:53:40.800 --> 03:53:41.200 And. 03:53:42.200 --> 03:53:43.920 And you cannot really measure that. 03:53:44.000 --> 03:53:47.800 I mean, Swedes are generally engineers 03:53:47.960 --> 03:53:51.120 and they want to have a number to put 03:53:51.200 --> 03:53:55.880 in their tables, in their Excel tables. 03:53:57.480 --> 03:53:58.600 But we don't have. 03:53:59.080 --> 03:54:04.040 We cannot measure like Beauty 5.2. We cannot do that. 03:54:05.320 --> 03:54:10.560 So we need to realize that this, this is an evaluation 03:54:11.200 --> 03:54:15.120 where you need to sit together, different people and work 03:54:15.920 --> 03:54:19.360 with evaluating those things. 03:54:20.640 --> 03:54:22.080 The soft things. 03:54:22.400 --> 03:54:25.280 More like evaluation than creation, right? Yes. 03:54:26.880 --> 03:54:33.120 An architectural competition jury is a good example of that kind of people 03:54:33.200 --> 03:54:35.400 around the table evaluate the things. 03:54:36.360 --> 03:54:36.920 Okay. 03:54:39.800 --> 03:54:41.640 Let'S move on. Thank you, little one. 03:54:41.720 --> 03:54:43.800 To our guest from Krakow, Let me repeat. 03:54:43.880 --> 03:54:49.160 So we ask about the quality of the public space and how to take care of that. 03:54:49.240 --> 03:54:52.280 And where are the limits of our competences as city 03:54:52.360 --> 03:54:53.560 architects for Gujarata? 03:54:56.440 --> 03:54:58.680 Maybe I'll start with the second question. 03:54:59.080 --> 03:55:02.840 I'm not sure whether we should define the limits of our capacities. 03:55:03.000 --> 03:55:05.440 I don't think we should, because Everything depends 03:55:05.520 --> 03:55:07.080 on the needs of a given city. 03:55:07.400 --> 03:55:10.280 And these needs vary across the cities. 03:55:10.600 --> 03:55:15.160 They'll be different for cities such as the city of Lodz in central Poland. 03:55:15.240 --> 03:55:17.480 They'll be different in the capital city of Warsaw. 03:55:17.560 --> 03:55:19.720 It even has a different administrative structure. 03:55:20.520 --> 03:55:21.160 So I'm. 03:55:22.600 --> 03:55:28.880 I'm not sure whether defining the limits the competences of the city architect 03:55:28.960 --> 03:55:30.800 is the right way to approach it. 03:55:30.880 --> 03:55:33.080 The broader the competences, the better. 03:55:33.160 --> 03:55:38.240 Of course, they do not need to fit into a single person. 03:55:38.480 --> 03:55:40.960 You might have an entire team. 03:55:42.080 --> 03:55:46.880 We might have a city gardener as a deputy architect. 03:55:46.960 --> 03:55:50.560 We should have social scientists, economists, maybe not 03:55:52.640 --> 03:55:56.600 employed in the office of the city architect, but serving 03:55:56.680 --> 03:55:58.640 as council's advisors. 03:55:59.200 --> 03:56:02.040 They will contribute to what will be practically shifted 03:56:02.120 --> 03:56:04.800 into the 3D right form. 03:56:05.440 --> 03:56:07.560 These are also political decisions. 03:56:07.640 --> 03:56:14.320 So I believe that the scope of competences should be really vast and as mentioned, 03:56:15.440 --> 03:56:18.120 doesn't have to manifest itself in a single person. 03:56:18.200 --> 03:56:24.640 It should rather be a team that makes it possible 03:56:24.720 --> 03:56:26.720 for certain ideas to be expressed. 03:56:26.800 --> 03:56:30.920 And the city architect should lobby on behalf of the city dwellers, 03:56:31.000 --> 03:56:34.080 architects, but first and foremost on behalf of quality. 03:56:34.880 --> 03:56:37.800 Now that leads me to the quality of the public spaces. 03:56:37.880 --> 03:56:39.280 And I believe that. 03:56:39.360 --> 03:56:42.040 Well, the question that you posed is really hard. 03:56:42.120 --> 03:56:49.120 And we could debate about that for hours, sharing all sorts of academic definitions. 03:56:49.440 --> 03:56:53.280 I like young girls definition who believes that a good public space is one 03:56:53.520 --> 03:56:54.880 in which you'll find people. 03:56:55.120 --> 03:56:58.320 So for one reason or another, they do come to this space. 03:56:58.800 --> 03:57:03.520 What means were used for this to be designed is of secondary importance. 03:57:03.600 --> 03:57:04.800 We certainly know some things. 03:57:04.880 --> 03:57:09.760 We know that people enjoy spaces that offer shadow because we have high 03:57:09.920 --> 03:57:12.360 temperatures in the city, so it is hard to live there. 03:57:12.440 --> 03:57:13.440 So shade is needed. 03:57:13.520 --> 03:57:17.520 That also the temperatures impact on our health. 03:57:17.600 --> 03:57:19.040 We like diversity. 03:57:19.200 --> 03:57:23.400 We like some urban pockets, so to speak. That helps. 03:57:23.480 --> 03:57:28.000 We know that we like diversity in terms of the. 03:57:28.080 --> 03:57:29.400 The social setup. 03:57:29.480 --> 03:57:34.040 We are sick and tired of the bubbles that we stick to also in the virtual. 03:57:34.640 --> 03:57:39.520 So these are the spaces where we wish to meet other people and sometimes 03:57:39.600 --> 03:57:41.720 even be lonely among other people. 03:57:41.800 --> 03:57:45.760 I liked it when I went to Oslo and we were shown Deutschland library and they would 03:57:45.840 --> 03:57:49.280 explain to us this is a home to a book. 03:57:49.360 --> 03:57:50.680 That's what it was made for. 03:57:50.760 --> 03:57:55.280 But more importantly, it is a public space where we can meet, 03:57:55.360 --> 03:57:57.600 sit at a round table and talk. 03:57:58.080 --> 03:58:03.240 But we can also hide and draw the curtain and be 03:58:03.320 --> 03:58:05.560 alone amongst people if we need that. 03:58:05.640 --> 03:58:07.440 Because sometimes we do need that as well. 03:58:15.640 --> 03:58:17.080 Follow up on what we just said. 03:58:17.160 --> 03:58:21.160 And I say that it's not as important to set the limits, 03:58:21.240 --> 03:58:26.280 but Rather to define the capacities and opportunities for collaboration. 03:58:26.520 --> 03:58:29.240 So sharing responsibility with others. 03:58:30.680 --> 03:58:37.640 It would seem that the participants of processes, the inhabitants, the users, 03:58:37.960 --> 03:58:42.240 the children, are not just passive recipients of our 03:58:42.320 --> 03:58:46.920 visions, but they are co actors. 03:58:47.400 --> 03:58:50.760 And for us architects, it's important to 03:58:51.640 --> 03:58:54.520 reshape the way we think. 03:58:54.680 --> 03:59:01.240 We had to focus on collaboration and capacity to share responsibility, 03:59:01.400 --> 03:59:05.640 not to take it entirely for ourselves, but to share it with other actors. 03:59:06.440 --> 03:59:10.680 For instance, speaking as a member of the academia, 03:59:10.760 --> 03:59:17.160 because we have a lot of colleagues, professors and three from universities. 03:59:17.240 --> 03:59:19.560 And I think that it's worth noting 03:59:19.640 --> 03:59:24.680 that of course, city authorities and. 03:59:26.760 --> 03:59:27.160 Use. 03:59:28.040 --> 03:59:31.880 Or rely on academia, and they use our 03:59:31.960 --> 03:59:37.080 knowledge in various consulting bodies. 03:59:38.680 --> 03:59:42.120 Often policymakers come from the academia, but also the university. 03:59:42.800 --> 03:59:48.320 A university as an institution may become a participant of the process. 03:59:48.400 --> 03:59:52.680 I want to say directly that from the perspective 03:59:52.760 --> 03:59:59.600 of a university, it's very important to be able to participate in this project and to 03:59:59.680 --> 04:00:02.000 also partially bear this responsibility. 04:00:02.720 --> 04:00:06.880 So on the one hand we have all these users, just two worlds work. 04:00:07.840 --> 04:00:12.440 But on the other hand we see that this paradigm shift towards 04:00:13.680 --> 04:00:16.880 holistic ecological approach, non reductive, 04:00:17.920 --> 04:00:23.440 not set outside the context, that puts the complexity and 04:00:24.160 --> 04:00:27.600 nature of the place the forefront. 04:00:28.080 --> 04:00:31.840 And we have this phase zero where we debate everything with everyone, 04:00:32.400 --> 04:00:35.360 across barriers, fields. 04:00:35.840 --> 04:00:42.760 It's also visible in academia that we, the professors, not only impart knowledge 04:00:42.840 --> 04:00:46.240 to our students, but together with them we learn. 04:00:46.400 --> 04:00:50.480 And together we join certain processes 04:00:51.520 --> 04:00:53.520 whereby we learn from our students. 04:00:53.760 --> 04:00:58.960 So yes, we should be open to learning from others on various levels as 04:00:59.280 --> 04:01:01.880 city architects and finally sepio. 04:01:03.080 --> 04:01:06.360 I think that the basic obstacle 04:01:07.960 --> 04:01:10.120 for city architects 04:01:11.080 --> 04:01:16.120 activities is the level of architectural culture in the city where he operates or 04:01:16.200 --> 04:01:22.680 they operate, because 04:01:25.880 --> 04:01:29.120 in way he may be a grand innovator. 04:01:29.200 --> 04:01:34.080 I don't want to use such terms as an icebreakers or prophets, 04:01:34.160 --> 04:01:38.240 but if the ice gets too thick, the icebreaker simply won't get through. 04:01:38.960 --> 04:01:43.840 And this is the responsibility and the task 04:01:44.160 --> 04:01:49.600 of the city architect to raise this level of architectural culture in his own 04:01:49.760 --> 04:01:51.920 backyard, for lack of better word. 04:01:52.000 --> 04:01:54.880 So this promotion and education is important. 04:01:55.520 --> 04:01:58.440 We all know that we all like the songs that we already know, 04:01:58.720 --> 04:02:00.880 but sometimes you have to sing to a new 04:02:00.960 --> 04:02:07.840 tune, and this is often very difficult. 04:02:08.080 --> 04:02:14.640 So raising the awareness on architecture culture is crucial because it 04:02:14.720 --> 04:02:18.960 sets the limit for our activity. 04:02:21.880 --> 04:02:26.240 But what I find most surprising about this conference is 04:02:26.320 --> 04:02:28.840 that we often refer to the term of beauty. 04:02:29.400 --> 04:02:31.560 And just in case, I just want to 04:02:34.120 --> 04:02:36.760 remind you that it was about the 1920s 04:02:36.840 --> 04:02:40.920 when the beauty and art parted ways. 04:02:41.640 --> 04:02:43.320 And no architect today 04:02:44.040 --> 04:02:49.680 or art artist says today would Be happy 04:02:49.760 --> 04:02:51.520 to hear that they create beautiful things. 04:02:51.600 --> 04:02:52.840 It's not the way you think. 04:02:54.600 --> 04:03:00.680 And this is a barrier for activities of an architect 04:03:01.240 --> 04:03:04.680 who is expected to create beautiful things 04:03:05.800 --> 04:03:11.560 and promote values of beauty. 04:03:11.640 --> 04:03:16.560 But he's more about creating the value of art because these are 04:03:16.640 --> 04:03:18.160 measurable or objective. 04:03:18.240 --> 04:03:21.000 But this is more of a philosophical debate. 04:03:21.080 --> 04:03:23.680 So to reiterate what I've just said, 04:03:25.120 --> 04:03:28.120 architect fights for new values. 04:03:28.200 --> 04:03:33.600 Therefore he needs to fight for raising the awareness regarding the culture, 04:03:35.840 --> 04:03:38.160 the architecture culture in his own environment. 04:03:39.400 --> 04:03:43.080 And well, if you allow me, I will quote you on this 04:03:43.800 --> 04:03:48.760 whenever we hear a talk about why the city architects 04:03:51.000 --> 04:03:55.280 budget is dedicated partially to the debate like this one. 04:03:55.360 --> 04:03:58.920 Because what you said now is a living proof that we need this 04:03:59.000 --> 04:04:00.120 kind of conversations. 04:04:00.760 --> 04:04:03.480 You've made my life far more simple with this quote. 04:04:03.560 --> 04:04:05.340 So thank you, thank you again for that. 04:04:07.640 --> 04:04:10.040 But no royalties, please remember. 04:04:10.360 --> 04:04:14.760 Well, in any case, to conclude this panel debate, 04:04:16.440 --> 04:04:19.720 which we need to wrap up due to our time limitations, 04:04:20.360 --> 04:04:23.000 is the matter addressed by Agata. 04:04:25.000 --> 04:04:29.960 Agata, as you may remember, an hour ago, mentioned architect 04:04:32.920 --> 04:04:38.360 Gliwic, a city architect who basically sat down and single 04:04:38.440 --> 04:04:41.120 handedly drove the city in gdask. 04:04:41.200 --> 04:04:44.080 We also had similar figures also in the interwar period. 04:04:44.160 --> 04:04:48.280 There's no time to go into much detail on the matter, but I believe that 04:04:48.920 --> 04:04:52.600 probably all of the cities had this period when 04:04:53.480 --> 04:04:57.880 one person would draw the city and tell everyone to follow his vision. 04:04:58.680 --> 04:05:04.440 So to conclude this panel, a question to all of you. 04:05:05.400 --> 04:05:08.680 How today, in the light of what we've just said, 04:05:09.320 --> 04:05:14.880 would you define the role of city architect in creating the vision 04:05:14.960 --> 04:05:16.440 for development of the city? 04:05:17.720 --> 04:05:23.240 Well, speaking of the figures, who shaped the cities and created 04:05:23.320 --> 04:05:26.600 the image of the cities, but it's not always about the city. 04:05:26.680 --> 04:05:31.920 We had Carl Joseph Schatner, he was a grand architect 04:05:33.280 --> 04:05:37.760 from Germany who designed a university and that was just that. 04:05:38.240 --> 04:05:43.560 And couldn't we have an act that would say that Cities, up to 30,000 cities, 04:05:43.640 --> 04:05:47.920 we have inhabitants, the architect designs everything? 04:05:49.080 --> 04:05:53.160 Well, I believe the Polish association of Architects wouldn't be happy with that. 04:05:53.960 --> 04:05:59.040 Well, we could create incentives for members of this chamber to participate. 04:05:59.120 --> 04:06:03.000 No, but for larger cities this wouldn't wait, but. 04:06:03.720 --> 04:06:05.320 Okay, I lost my thread. 04:06:07.000 --> 04:06:12.120 What would be the role of the contemporary architect of city in creating its vision? 04:06:14.800 --> 04:06:20.560 Well, I need to speak of my problem at this stage because I have this 04:06:21.440 --> 04:06:26.080 regional strategy and I always yearn for grand projects, for planning, 04:06:27.600 --> 04:06:29.760 for economic planning, etc. 04:06:29.840 --> 04:06:34.080 And one needs to take a step backward and say relax, 04:06:34.160 --> 04:06:37.240 perhaps there are architects out there who'd be capable of doing so. 04:06:37.320 --> 04:06:40.560 But a city of architect should be 04:06:41.200 --> 04:06:44.960 or should have this sense of a good 04:06:45.040 --> 04:06:47.960 developer for public initiatives. 04:06:48.040 --> 04:06:52.240 A good developer is the one who walks down the street and says, wow, 04:06:52.320 --> 04:06:54.320 that's a great spot for a gas station. 04:06:54.400 --> 04:06:59.120 That's just a perfect location for an office building that if I build 04:07:00.720 --> 04:07:03.920 something here, I'll sell it for double its value. 04:07:04.240 --> 04:07:08.280 And the city architect should have this same knack for urban space. 04:07:08.360 --> 04:07:12.800 So when he sees the spot, says, wow, that's a great spot for an alley. 04:07:12.880 --> 04:07:15.960 This is a great spot for school. 04:07:16.520 --> 04:07:18.240 That's where I'd put a fountain. 04:07:18.320 --> 04:07:22.600 So he had to have this sense of or the need for shaping the space around. 04:07:24.440 --> 04:07:30.000 I think that what Janus said is more or less what I wanted to say. 04:07:30.080 --> 04:07:32.360 But allow me to add that 04:07:33.000 --> 04:07:37.800 setting the vision and seeking significant 04:07:39.880 --> 04:07:45.960 spaces or critical spots that can range from micro scale to all 04:07:46.680 --> 04:07:49.640 city blocks and dedicating it. 04:07:50.600 --> 04:07:53.000 And this is what I believe is happening. 04:07:55.000 --> 04:07:59.880 So this capacity to dedicate various tools 04:08:01.800 --> 04:08:05.320 for pushing this vision forward, be it 04:08:06.040 --> 04:08:10.440 competition or 04:08:11.960 --> 04:08:16.920 developing a plan within the city administration, or simply 04:08:19.080 --> 04:08:21.960 direct managing the phase zero 04:08:25.160 --> 04:08:26.280 and referring the 04:08:27.400 --> 04:08:32.440 project to various institutions such as universities that have great 04:08:33.000 --> 04:08:35.640 capacity to seek for new solutions. 04:08:35.720 --> 04:08:42.200 Even if these visions are quite frivolous, so to say. 04:08:42.600 --> 04:08:43.560 Sorry to interrupt. 04:08:43.720 --> 04:08:46.760 So sometimes brainstorming at the university 04:08:47.480 --> 04:08:53.000 can offer us a nice reference point for what can be brought into public space. 04:08:53.080 --> 04:08:54.120 Yes, this is true. 04:08:54.760 --> 04:08:58.920 And such speculations show new horizons for what can be done. 04:08:59.000 --> 04:09:02.040 But they are also an element of public debate. 04:09:02.200 --> 04:09:03.720 They stimulate this debate. 04:09:03.800 --> 04:09:07.320 So simply, let's talk about the city. 04:09:09.160 --> 04:09:15.800 Well, I've been thinking that an architect without a vision for the city simply is 04:09:17.720 --> 04:09:21.240 someone who's a wrong person in the wrong place. 04:09:21.320 --> 04:09:25.160 We have architects who simply limit their activities, who just 04:09:26.520 --> 04:09:29.720 of issuing opinions on building permits. 04:09:30.680 --> 04:09:36.320 Also, we do not want people who just demolish entire 04:09:36.400 --> 04:09:39.160 city blocks and redesign the cities. 04:09:41.120 --> 04:09:45.200 Well, we do have such people, but they're mainly traffic engineers. 04:09:45.280 --> 04:09:47.280 Yes, well, that's actually true. 04:09:48.000 --> 04:09:53.520 They play an important role and they shape the cities and bloodstreams. 04:09:54.240 --> 04:09:58.000 So this is a very important function. But. 04:10:01.840 --> 04:10:07.040 An architect should have a vision, growth of the city, 04:10:08.480 --> 04:10:11.200 the direction that should be taken by a city, 04:10:13.680 --> 04:10:16.400 and also the capacity to select priorities, 04:10:17.840 --> 04:10:21.360 to stimulate various long term processes. 04:10:22.160 --> 04:10:25.960 Often there are difficult questions that need to be answered which spark 04:10:26.040 --> 04:10:30.800 various forms of debate and conflicts, both social and economic ones. 04:10:32.160 --> 04:10:37.360 So an architect without a vision for the city, if we were to look at it, 04:10:38.080 --> 04:10:40.160 is simply someone we do not need. 04:10:40.880 --> 04:10:42.200 So the vision is crucial. 04:10:42.280 --> 04:10:45.480 But then again, it's not about this Modernist vision 04:10:45.560 --> 04:10:50.240 that Agata mentioned, or that we know from Paris or other pre war cities. 04:10:50.640 --> 04:10:57.120 It's more like a precise and correct diagnosis of cities, 04:10:58.160 --> 04:11:03.120 needs and issues and creating a spatial policy 04:11:03.200 --> 04:11:06.880 and architectural policy that will answer these issues. 04:11:07.040 --> 04:11:12.320 Some of the solutions need to be shortened, some would take longer. 04:11:12.640 --> 04:11:18.480 And let's not fear those solutions, and let's take on these tasks because they 04:11:18.560 --> 04:11:25.480 are interesting and I believe that they do stimulate growth of the cities and create, 04:11:26.040 --> 04:11:28.440 contribute to the narratives in the cities. 04:11:28.520 --> 04:11:29.080 Bjorn? 04:11:31.160 --> 04:11:37.040 Yes, I would say that first of all, I think it was interesting what you talked 04:11:37.120 --> 04:11:41.880 about, Janus, about the culture, the culture, the architectural 04:11:41.960 --> 04:11:43.000 culture of a place. 04:11:43.720 --> 04:11:47.320 I mean, me coming from the northern wilderness, 04:11:48.440 --> 04:11:52.880 where it's full of engineers, but not perhaps always so 04:11:53.280 --> 04:11:55.840 architecturally developed. 04:11:57.360 --> 04:12:03.760 I work with changing that culture that we do have, reshaping the culture. 04:12:03.920 --> 04:12:09.920 And you really do need to do that all the time with culture or cultures, 04:12:10.640 --> 04:12:12.240 shape them and reshape them. 04:12:12.560 --> 04:12:18.000 So that's one important, important issue with being a city architect. 04:12:18.080 --> 04:12:19.600 You need to work with that. 04:12:19.680 --> 04:12:24.400 You need to work with ordinary people 04:12:24.880 --> 04:12:30.320 and decision makers wanting to make a better city, a more beautiful city, 04:12:30.400 --> 04:12:31.760 a more functioning city. 04:12:33.520 --> 04:12:38.960 Also, the visions that we can have nowadays, 04:12:39.680 --> 04:12:44.600 they would be very much about livability and also sustainability, because we made 04:12:44.680 --> 04:12:47.560 this perfect machine out of our cities. 04:12:47.960 --> 04:12:53.280 Only it doesn't work any longer because the mobility is unsustainable and it's not 04:12:53.360 --> 04:12:57.080 going to serve our kids and grandkids in a good way. 04:12:57.160 --> 04:13:02.200 So we need to not only grow the cities well, we can grow the cities if needed, 04:13:02.280 --> 04:13:06.440 but also we need to reshape them, we need to remake them. 04:13:07.560 --> 04:13:09.880 And that would be the vision that I'm carrying. 04:13:10.120 --> 04:13:13.240 That you can reshape and remake. 04:13:13.320 --> 04:13:15.080 It will take a lot of time. 04:13:15.480 --> 04:13:20.840 Gothenburg, the home of Volvo, is full of city highways 04:13:21.400 --> 04:13:27.960 crisscrossing the urban web and making it a less livable city. 04:13:28.120 --> 04:13:32.760 But we can change that, and we are changing that as we speak in Gothenburg. 04:13:32.840 --> 04:13:35.320 So I. I'd say yes, culture. 04:13:35.400 --> 04:13:36.440 It's about culture. 04:13:37.160 --> 04:13:41.720 And you can change that culture in order to be able to change the city. 04:13:42.680 --> 04:13:47.240 Laura I think that chief architect has 04:13:47.320 --> 04:13:51.640 to be a dreamer, a leader and a listener. 04:13:52.280 --> 04:13:56.600 Because it's not about one man show, it's about team and it's about 04:13:57.800 --> 04:14:00.480 listening to all of the stakeholders. 04:14:00.560 --> 04:14:02.240 There are lots of them. 04:14:02.960 --> 04:14:08.840 And I would redirect the word vision, because before the vision there has to be 04:14:08.920 --> 04:14:13.080 an ambition, somebody in your guts that wakes you every 04:14:13.160 --> 04:14:17.200 morning to reach the idea, to defend the city's idea, 04:14:17.280 --> 04:14:19.280 because somebody has to defend it. 04:14:19.520 --> 04:14:22.080 When day to day life comes. 04:14:22.560 --> 04:14:26.600 So this architect is leading for lots of people. 04:14:27.320 --> 04:14:29.480 He has to inspire the team. 04:14:29.560 --> 04:14:33.800 When hard times come, when somebody forgets the idea, when 04:14:33.880 --> 04:14:35.880 somebody forgets where we're heading to. 04:14:36.280 --> 04:14:41.200 So this leader that shows that this peak of the mountain we're heading to, don't 04:14:41.280 --> 04:14:43.400 forget not this, not this, but this one. 04:14:43.880 --> 04:14:47.080 So, and how to get the directions to that peak? 04:14:47.160 --> 04:14:49.480 You should describe, you should talk, you should. 04:14:50.600 --> 04:14:53.800 Right, so you should express this idea that's 04:14:53.880 --> 04:14:59.000 consolidated with together of citizens, stakeholders, scientists. 04:14:59.080 --> 04:15:03.800 I mean, but somebody has to lead and the leadership is very important in this. 04:15:04.200 --> 04:15:05.480 And last but not least. 04:15:07.320 --> 04:15:08.280 It'S challenging. 04:15:10.280 --> 04:15:15.720 I will say that he or she should be a good teammate. 04:15:16.360 --> 04:15:17.820 Promote the cooperation. 04:15:18.040 --> 04:15:21.000 Listen, listen, listen and listen. 04:15:23.960 --> 04:15:25.240 Design with empathy. 04:15:25.400 --> 04:15:27.000 Understand the needs of the people. 04:15:30.280 --> 04:15:32.600 Make visible the needs of the invisible. 04:15:33.800 --> 04:15:37.640 We should have in mind that architecture is a great tool of the democratization 04:15:37.720 --> 04:15:41.400 of the city and we should use it as much as we can. 04:15:42.520 --> 04:15:43.960 And it's a way to. 04:15:44.200 --> 04:15:45.640 To empower the communities. 04:15:45.720 --> 04:15:48.040 I mean, when we design, we should not design. 04:15:49.240 --> 04:15:53.440 I mean, the design should not be just the lines, they should 04:15:53.520 --> 04:15:54.440 be the relations also. 04:15:54.520 --> 04:15:56.840 No, we should imagine the relations, how they will, 04:15:57.320 --> 04:16:01.320 their consequences, the impact in the life of the people, in the daily life, 04:16:01.640 --> 04:16:05.160 if it will make it more difficult or if it will make it better. 04:16:05.960 --> 04:16:11.240 And yeah, I think we have the tools and we should provide them in order to empower 04:16:11.320 --> 04:16:15.640 the communities, to appropriate them, not to correspond 04:16:20.840 --> 04:16:24.360 of the city, of the neighborhood from the side of the people. 04:16:24.440 --> 04:16:26.520 I mean, this is the long term vision. 04:16:27.400 --> 04:16:28.280 Thank you so much. 04:16:29.720 --> 04:16:31.800 Let me just sum up very briefly. 04:16:32.520 --> 04:16:37.720 I think that we just started to talk about those roles and tasks of city architects. 04:16:37.800 --> 04:16:41.440 We also use this conference as the opportunity to start 04:16:41.920 --> 04:16:45.840 something which is called at the moment Informal Network of the city architects. 04:16:46.000 --> 04:16:48.080 I hope that we are going to develop it further on. 04:16:48.160 --> 04:16:49.200 We will see how it goes. 04:16:49.840 --> 04:16:51.200 There are some plans for that. 04:16:51.600 --> 04:16:57.280 But also I think we should continue our discussion further on within the next 04:16:57.360 --> 04:17:00.560 steps, maybe next year or whenever time allows. 04:17:00.880 --> 04:17:02.440 Actually, my own idea is to. 04:17:02.520 --> 04:17:06.680 To bring you back again to Gdansk for another event associated with shaping 04:17:06.760 --> 04:17:09.240 urban development visions sometime next year. 04:17:09.640 --> 04:17:15.360 So I hope that you will be available to for coming over and we will see how 04:17:15.440 --> 04:17:17.960 this can be organized and when and so on. 04:17:18.040 --> 04:17:21.080 But I think that we still have a lot to discuss. 04:17:21.440 --> 04:17:25.000 And the only thing I can say is that some time ago there was a very interesting 04:17:25.160 --> 04:17:29.240 exhibition done in Berlin about city visions. 04:17:29.320 --> 04:17:33.360 Maybe you remember that our colleague, Carl Friedhelm Fischer was 04:17:33.440 --> 04:17:34.680 the author of the whole thing. 04:17:34.760 --> 04:17:37.560 I Think it was like 10 years ago or 15, something like that. 04:17:38.200 --> 04:17:43.120 And it was very interesting because all these exhibition panels which by the way I 04:17:43.200 --> 04:17:47.320 have access to them so we can actually print them out again and show next year 04:17:47.400 --> 04:17:52.480 maybe it's actually it was an interesting journey starting 04:17:52.560 --> 04:17:57.240 from the mid of the 19th century century of all these Osman style redevelopment 04:17:57.320 --> 04:18:01.240 plans for many European cities and finishing with the contemporary 04:18:01.640 --> 04:18:05.120 approaches which were based on implementing trams and greenery, 04:18:05.200 --> 04:18:06.240 basically speaking. Right. 04:18:06.320 --> 04:18:09.480 So this was the journey which the city visioning has gone. 04:18:09.960 --> 04:18:13.040 But as I said it was an exhibition which was a point of departure 04:18:13.120 --> 04:18:15.000 for the discussion 10 or 15 years ago. 04:18:15.240 --> 04:18:18.760 I'm just wondering how this is going to evolve now or in the future. 04:18:18.840 --> 04:18:21.120 But I think think this is still the topic to be discussed. 04:18:21.520 --> 04:18:25.040 So thank you very much for your participation and I think if you allow, 04:18:25.120 --> 04:18:30.120 please stay here a few more minutes because we are going to finish in two or 04:18:30.200 --> 04:18:33.360 three minutes and I just don't want to create a little bit of mess. 04:18:36.000 --> 04:18:39.600 Well, I mean if you allow me, I'll continue in English, this will be easier. 04:18:40.720 --> 04:18:44.640 First of all, I'd like to thank you very much for participating in this event. 04:18:45.440 --> 04:18:48.480 As you know there is a conference declaration, we have received some 04:18:48.560 --> 04:18:52.560 comments, but if you allow and if you agree, 04:18:53.360 --> 04:18:56.640 we will just use it as a point of departure for the final editing. 04:18:56.720 --> 04:19:00.800 We will send it out in the format as it is right now. 04:19:00.960 --> 04:19:03.680 If there are any further comments, we will adopt them. 04:19:03.840 --> 04:19:07.920 If not within a week or two, we will just post it as a kind of final version. 04:19:08.000 --> 04:19:09.120 Is it okay for everyone? 04:19:10.080 --> 04:19:10.960 Thank you, you. 04:19:13.440 --> 04:19:18.400 And also second thing is that as you could see, we had our photographer with us 04:19:18.480 --> 04:19:22.320 who took lots of pictures out of thousands, I guess so 04:19:22.400 --> 04:19:23.600 thank you very much for that. 04:19:23.680 --> 04:19:27.720 And they also will be made available for each and everyone on our conference 04:19:27.800 --> 04:19:30.960 website so there will be a chance to make it. 04:19:31.040 --> 04:19:32.660 Thank you very much for this. 04:19:35.760 --> 04:19:39.920 I would also like to thank our technical team and including translators 04:19:40.000 --> 04:19:41.400 who did a wonderful job. 04:19:41.560 --> 04:19:43.080 Somewhere in the back they are. 04:19:46.520 --> 04:19:49.760 And especially our audio video team. 04:19:49.840 --> 04:19:53.800 I mean the head of that wanted to kill me like 20 times during these two days, 04:19:53.880 --> 04:19:55.800 but I'm still survived. 04:19:55.880 --> 04:19:57.800 So I'm kind of resistant to that. 04:19:58.040 --> 04:19:59.080 But thank you very much. 04:20:02.520 --> 04:20:04.280 Thank you and your entire team. 04:20:06.360 --> 04:20:08.920 And last but not least, I'd like to thank my entire team, 04:20:09.880 --> 04:20:14.680 both of you who know how much work it took to Jarek and to Marek and 04:20:15.720 --> 04:20:19.480 Mikola and other people who were involved and Paulina, other people 04:20:19.560 --> 04:20:20.520 who are involved with that. 04:20:20.600 --> 04:20:23.400 I think big applause for them because they actually made it. 04:20:27.160 --> 04:20:31.880 But before we go, before we go to lunch, there is one last announcement regarding 04:20:31.960 --> 04:20:35.000 the future plans for the Chamber of Polish Architects. 04:20:35.400 --> 04:20:40.120 So let me invite the representative of the Chamber of Polish Architects to say 04:20:40.200 --> 04:20:42.000 a few words about the upcoming event. 04:20:42.080 --> 04:20:44.600 I think we have like a minute for that before lunch. 04:20:45.000 --> 04:20:45.640 So please. 04:20:50.440 --> 04:20:53.560 It appears I'm the only member of the National Council 04:20:54.360 --> 04:20:55.440 still present in this room. 04:20:55.520 --> 04:21:00.600 So on behalf of the National Council, I would like to invite you to the Congress 04:21:00.680 --> 04:21:03.960 of Polish Architecture that we are planning to hold next year in May. 04:21:04.440 --> 04:21:07.360 We are going to talk about architecture. Architects. 04:21:07.440 --> 04:21:09.880 We are going to talk about architectural policy. 04:21:11.880 --> 04:21:13.560 So please do feel invited. 04:21:16.440 --> 04:21:18.240 I would like to thank you, Piotr. 04:21:18.320 --> 04:21:21.480 And your team and all of you for this conference. 04:21:21.560 --> 04:21:22.920 It's so great and it's. 04:21:23.880 --> 04:21:26.200 And I would like to say that. I will try to. 04:21:26.360 --> 04:21:28.640 To spread all these outcomes among the. 04:21:28.720 --> 04:21:30.680 Professional environment of Polish architects. 04:21:30.760 --> 04:21:35.440 So thank you very much. And I think the outcome of my conclusion. 04:21:35.520 --> 04:21:36.560 Just few words. 04:21:36.640 --> 04:21:38.280 It recalls me the title of the. 04:21:38.360 --> 04:21:39.960 Book of Benjamin Barber. 04:21:40.440 --> 04:21:43.080 It's about rising meaning of the cities. 04:21:43.800 --> 04:21:44.680 The title is. 04:21:46.840 --> 04:21:48.600 If Mayors ruled the world. 04:21:50.600 --> 04:21:52.120 So let us think about the future. 04:21:52.200 --> 04:21:54.920 Future and ask this question. What if. 04:21:55.000 --> 04:21:58.200 What the city architects would be a driving force for creating 04:21:58.600 --> 04:22:01.960 architectural policies National European. 04:22:03.400 --> 04:22:05.080 Thank you very much. Thank you.